Anatomy + Joint Movement

What are the functions of bones?

• support + protection

• movement levers

• store calcium

• blood cell production

What are the two types of bone cells?

Osteoblasts - build bones

Osteoclasts - break down bone

What is a joint? What is their main purpose?

Where 2 or more bones meet

Main purpose is to allow range of motion (ROM)

What are the 3 types of joints?

Fibrous - immovable (skull sutures)

Cartilaginous - slightly movable (b/w vertebrae)

Synovial - freely movable (shoulders, wrists, hips, knees, ankles)

What are some features of synovial joints?

• contain synovial fluid for lubrication

• supported by ligaments + a joint capsule

• articular cartilage protects bone ends

• bursae cushions some joints

What are some main joint movements?

• Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension

• Abduction/Adduction

• Rotation/Internal rotation/External rotation

• Pronation/Supination

• Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion

• Inversion/Eversion

• Protacting/Retraction

• Circumduction

What are movements seen in the TMJ?

• protection/retraction of jaw

• side-to-side movement

What are movements seen in the elbow?

• flexion/extension

• supination/pronation

What are movements seen in the shoulder?

• flexion/extension

• abduction/adduction

• circumduction

• internal/external rotation

What are movements seen in the vertebrae/spine?

• flexion/hyperextension

• lateral bending

• rotation

What are movements seen in the hips?

• flexion/extension/hyperextension

• abduction/adduction

• circumduction

• internal/external rotation

What are movements seen in the knee?

flexion/extension

What are movements seen in the ankle and foot?

ankle: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

foot: inversion/eversion

toes: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction