Final Exam

How did the Medicaid ABA benefit come to be in Washington State?

2012 lawsuit settlement

Who was involved in the advocacy efforts for the Medicaid ABA benefit?

Washington Autism Alliance and Advocacy

What program is related to Douglas Porter?

EPSDT program

Which organizations collaborated with plaintiffs?

Seattle Children’s Autism Center

What services were deemed a medical necessity?

ABA services

What must insurance providers cover?

Neurodevelopmental therapies

Is there a cap on neurodevelopmental services coverage?

No cap

When did Medicaid move ABA services to MCOs?

1-Jul-15

What diagnoses are required for ABA services benefit?

ASD or developmental disability

What prescription is required for ABA services?

COE prescription/order

What is necessary to show for ABA effectiveness for developmental disabilities?

Evidence shows effectiveness

What age group does the Washington apple health conversion apply to?

Under 21

What is the pathway to care for ABA benefit?

Diagnosis, referral needed

Who must provide the referral for ABA benefit?

Clinical psychologist, physician

What is the early intensive day treatment program?

Intensive individualized treatment

What wrap-around services are provided for families?

Family training, supports, education

What lawsuit did the Washington State HCA settle in 2012?

Washington Autism Alliance and Advocacy v. Douglas Porter

What program was related to the lawsuit settled by HCA?

EPSDT program

Which center collaborated with plaintiffs in the 2012 lawsuit?

Seattle Children’s Autism Center

What did the Seattle Children’s Autism Center help establish?

Program for service coverage

Are ABA services covered by insurance providers?

Yes, deemed a medical necessity.

When did Medicaid transition ABA services to MCOs?

July 1, 2015.

Name two ABA-based interventions for ASD.

EMT and PRT.

What are visual supports in ABA?

Social stories, visual schedules.

What does COE stand for?

Center of Excellence

What is required for a diagnosis in a COE?

Multidisciplinary evaluation

Who must be included in COE teams?

BCBA and SLP

How do COE teams operate?

Collaboratively or contract-based

What training must COE providers complete?

Washington state HCA training

When can a BCBA provide caregiver training under Medicaid?

When child is on waitlist or cannot access services

What is the purpose of caregiver training?

Prepare caregivers for supporting child's treatment

What is the purpose of a social story?

To support learning and behavior

How should a social story be written?

In the first person

Why are social stories written in the first person?

To adopt others' perspectives

What domains show improvement with social stories?

Behavior and learning

How to compile a list of potential reinforcers?

Discussions & surveys

What is the purpose of recording item selections?

Identify top preferences

What are two types of visual supports?

Visual Schedules & Mini-Schedules

How are visual schedules used?

Provide structure & predictability

What are mini-schedules for?

Task-specific steps

Importance of reinforcing items?

Motivation for behavior intervention

How can visual schedules be used in therapy?

Clarify transitions, reduce anxiety, increase independence

How can mini-schedules be used in classrooms?

Break down complex activities, ensure task completion

What is a dynamic AAC display?

Flexible options that change

What is a static AAC display?

Fixed options with limited content

What motivates task completion in the schedule?

Reinforcement and rewards

How can the mini schedule be adjusted?

Based on progress and needs

What does AAC depict?

Real-life situations

How does AAC help individuals with cognitive challenges?

Reduces cognitive load

Does AAC promote or hinder verbal speech production?

Promotes

What do Millar et al. (2006) and Ganz et al. (2012) research show about AAC?

Supports communication development

What outcomes does AAC enhance?

Academic outcomes

What does AAC reduce?

Challenging behaviors

Why is PECS important for AAC?

Establishes communicative behaviors

What skills do children learn using PECS?

Pre-linguistic skills

What is the purpose of PECS?

To promote high-tech AAC use

How is AT different from AAC?

AT includes equipment, AAC does not

What is the role of SLP in AAC?

Makes AAC decisions

What can BCBA do in relation to AAC?

Implement prescribed AAC

What is the difference between SLP and BCBA regarding AAC?

SLP prescribes, BCBA implements

What is more frequent in discrimination training?

Response to one stimulus

What are the key features of a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?

Replacement, Prevention

What is replacement in BIP?

Another appropriate behavior

What is prevention in BIP?

Modify setting or activity

What is one method BCBAs use to support parents?

Caregiver training

What do BCBAs develop for families?

Individualized treatment plans

What are BCBAs trained to teach?

Behavior management strategies

What is a goal of individualized treatment plans?

Align with family’s goals

What are the Big Four skills?

Communication, Attention, Play, Coping

Why teach the Big Four?

Prevent problem behaviors

How do the Big Four benefit children?

Less risk of harm

What emotional support should be offered to parents?

Navigate challenging situations

What strategies should be taught to parents?

Reinforcement strategies

What is the focus when working with students with disabilities?

Consulting staff and monitoring progress

What do services for students with disabilities vary by?

District policies

What age range do agencies serve individuals from?

Diagnosis to adulthood

What types of training do agencies provide?

Early intervention and skill training

Where do agencies typically operate?

Homes or clinics

What do clinics treat?

Severe problem behaviors or specific issues

Who often makes up multidisciplinary teams in clinics?

SLPs and psychologists

What is the primary aim of all settings?

Improve adaptive functioning

What is key across settings?

Collaboration with families

When should punishment-based treatment be considered?

Last resort for severe behaviors

What should be exhausted before considering punishment?

Positive reinforcement methods

When to intervene for severe behaviors?

Risks outweigh ethical concerns

What is required for effective intervention?

Careful FBA and monitoring

What does 'Autism is not an appendage' mean?

Intrinsic part of a person

What is autism described as?

A way of being

What does autism influence?

Every sensation, perception, thought, interaction

What does wishing for an autistic person to not have autism imply?

Wishing they don't exist as they are

What would removing autism do to a person?

Change who they are

What must parents understand about their child's autism?

Not a barrier

What should autism societies focus on according to Mr. Sinclair?

Supporting autistic individuals

What does Sinclair believe should be created for autistic people?

Space to thrive

What should be addressed according to Sinclair?

Societal barriers

What is the Abolitionist Neurodiversity Critique?

Critique neurotypical benchmark

What does treating neurotypical behaviors as success benchmarks do?

Makes autistic individuals acceptable

What behaviors should ABA be considered in treating?

Self-injurious behaviors

What behaviors should ABA not be considered in treating?

Hand flapping and rocking

How extreme can sensory aspects of autism be?

Feels like skin being taken off