DEFINING THE SELF: PERSONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE

SOCRATES

• while the pre-socratic philosophers were concerned much about what the world is made up, all these and all that

• he is concerned on the philosophy that man should know himself

• his dictum, “KNOW THYSELF”

• he said that an “UNEXAMINED SELF IS NOT WORTH LIVING”

• DURING HIS TIME MOST MEN WERE NOT AWARE OF WHO THEY WERE AND THE CIRTUES THAT THEY WERE TO ATTAIN IN ORDER TO PRESENT THEIR SOUL FOR THE AFTER LIFE

• for him tp live but to die inside is the worst that can happen for anyone

• for him man is “dualistic” (made of body and soul) meaning all individuals have imperfect and impermanent aspect of him and “the body”, while maintaining that there is also a “soul” that is perfect and permanent.

PLATO

• a student of socrates

• he supported the idea that man is a dual nature, bony and soul

• in addition, he added that there are three component of the soul; the “rational soul”, the spirited soul” and the “appetitive soul”.

• he said that justice can only be attained when the three parts are working harmoniously with each other

RATIONAL SOUL

SPIRITED SOUL

APPETITIVE SOUL

3 COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL

RATIONAL SOUL

• forge by reason and intellect has governed the affairs of the human person

SPIRITED SOUL

is the change of emotion should be at hay

APPETITIVE SOUL

the change of base desires

ST. AUGUSTINE

“MY SOUL IS RESTLESS UNTIL IT RESTS IN YOU”

• he influenced by the ancient view of socrates and plato, infused his idea of man with the new found doctrine of christianity

• he agreed that man is bifurated nature, one aspect of him dwells in the world aid is imperfect

THOMAS AQUINAS

• he is considered the most immenent thirteenth century scholar and salwart of medieval philosophy to augustine’s christian view

• he said that man is composed of two parts “matter and form”

• MATTER or “hyle” in greeks - refers to the common stuff that makes up everything

• FORM or “morphe”

DESCARTES

• father of modern philosophy , conceived the idea that the human perdon is having a body and a mind

• he claimed that there is so much that we should doubt

• he claimed that the only thing that one cannot doubt is the existence of the self, for even if one doubts oneself, that only proves that there is doubting self

• Thus his famous, “Cogito ergo sum” “I think therefore, I am”

• He claimed that the self is a combination of the two distinct entities, the cogito, the thing that thinks which is the mind and the extenza or extension of the mins, the body

HUMES

• a scottish philosopher, who has a very unique way of looking at man

• he is an empiricist who argues that one can only know what comes from the senses and experiences

• (EMPERICISM is the school of thought that exposes the idea that

• knowledge can olny be possible if it is sensed and experienced) when one image, the feeling of being in love for the first time, that is still an idea

• for him, men simply want to believe that there is a unified, coherent self, a soul or mind, just like what other philosophers believe

KANT

• thinking that self is only impressions was problematic for him

• he recognizes humes account that everthing starts woth perception and sensation of impression

• there is necessarily a mind that recognizes the impressions that men get from the external world

• he suggests that it is an actively enagaged intelligence

RYLE

• he solves the body and mind dichotomy by denying the concept of internal, non-physical self

• for him, what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life

• “life” is not an entity

MERLEAU- PONTY

• he says that mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another

• for hum, one cannot find any experiences that is not an embodied experience. Ones bodym is his opening towards his existence to the world.

• He doesnt recognize budism because for him it is nothing but misunderstanding

• for him, living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experience are all one.

KNOW THYSELF

UNEXAMINED SELF IS NOT WORTH LIVING

Who is the philosopher who’s dictum is this and saifd this line

MY SOUL IS RESTLESS UNTIL IT REST IN YOU

Who is this philosopher who said this in ancient view?