midterm review

What was the Great Compromise?

It was an agreement made at the 1787 Constitutional Convention that established a bicameral legislature, balancing representation between large and small states.

What was the 3/5ths Compromise?

An agreement during the Constitutional Convention where each enslaved person would count as 3/5 of a person for representation in Congress.

What did the Slave Trade Compromise entail?

It allowed the continuation of the slave trade for 20 years until 1808, after which Congress could ban it.

What was the Virginia Plan?

A proposal for a bicameral legislature where representation would be based on state population, favoring larger states.

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A proposal for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, regardless of size.

What was Shays’ Rebellion?

A revolt by farmers in Massachusetts against economic hardships that highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

What are the amendments to the Constitution?

Changes made to the Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, which consists of the first 10 amendments.

What are Enumerated powers?

Specific powers listed in the Constitution that belong to the federal government.

What are Implied powers?

Powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution but suggested to fulfill government responsibilities.

What is the Supremacy Clause?

It establishes that the Constitution and federal laws are the supreme law of the land, overriding state laws.

What is popular sovereignty?

The principle that the authority of government is created and sustained by the consent of its people.

What is Federalism?

The division of power between the national government and state governments.

What is a bill of attainder?

A law that punishes individuals without a trial, which is prohibited by the Constitution.

What are the powers of the president?

The president can veto laws, negotiate treaties, appoint judges, and command the military.

What is a signing statement?

A written comment issued by the president when signing a bill into law, explaining how they intend to enforce it.

What is the War Powers Resolution?

A law that limits the president's ability to send troops into combat without Congress's approval.

What is the role of the White House staff?

To assist the president with daily tasks, policy advice, and communication.

What is discretionary spending?

Spending that Congress can adjust, such as funding for defense and education.

What is the purpose of the Federal Reserve?

To control the country’s money supply and manage interest rates to stabilize the economy.

What does the Iron Triangle refer to?

The strong relationships between Congress, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups.

What is judicial activism?

When courts make rulings that create new policies or laws based on personal views.

What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

It established the principle of judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

What did Federalist No. 10 argue?

It argued that a large republic can control the effects of factions by representing diverse interests.

What is cooperative federalism?

A system where federal and state governments work together to solve problems.

What is social security?

A government program that provides financial assistance to retired individuals and those unable to work.

What are entitlement programs?

Government programs that provide benefits to individuals who meet specific eligibility criteria.

What is Keynesian economics?

An economic theory advocating for government intervention to stimulate demand during economic downturns.