[J.4] DE STIJL, BAUHAUS, MODERNISM, ART DECO, AND INTERNATIONAL STYLE

De Stijl (The Style)

Founded by Mondrian and Theo Van Doesberg, promoting utopian ideals and developing a simplified geometric style; marked by the use of black and white with primary colors and asymmetry

Piet Mondrian

He simplified the elements of his artwork in an effort to reflect what he believed to be the order underlying the visible world. Limits his palette to black, white, red, yellow, and blue

Gerrit Rietveld

Furniture must be made of simple square elements screwed together

Red and Blue Chair

De Stijl furniture; by Gerrit Rietveld

Zigzag Chair

De Stijl furniture; by Gerrit Rietveld

Schroder House by Gerrit Rietveld

Facades are a collage of planes and lines whose components are purposely detached from one another. Inside there is no static accumulation rooms because it has changeable open zones

Bauhaus School

A school of design established in Niemar, Germany that focused on the universality of design

Walter Gropius

Founder of the Bauhaus School. Pioneer of modern architecture. First to use curtain-walling

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius, and Frank Lloyd Wright

Masters of Modern Architecture

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Pioneer of skyscrapers. Works; Barcelona Building and Seagram building

Barcelona Pavillion

Asymmetrical, single story building divided by partition walls using marble, onyx, and chrome

Barcelona Chair

Reminiscent of Greek Klismos; leather and bright chrome; by Ludwig Mies Van de Rohe

Barcelona Daybed

By Ludwig Mies Van de Rohe

MR Chair

By Ludwig Mies Van de Rohe

Brno chair

For the Czech republic; by Ludwig Mies Van de Rohe

Marcel Breuer

The director of cabinetmaking workshop at the Bauhaus; invention of tubular steel furniture

Marcel Breuer

The ironic term "Maximum Simplicity" is attributed to [answer]?

Wassily Chair

Nickel plated steel frame with leather arms, seat and back rest by Marcel Breuer

Cesca Chair

Cantilevered arm chair with metal tubing and cane back and seat

Modernism

Rejection if historical styles. Materials and functional requirements determine the result. The elimination of unnecessary detailing leads to machine aesthetics

Louis Sullivan

"Form follows function."; Father of Modernism

Wainwright Building by Louis Sullivan

Modernist architecture; the first building which used an elevator and is the 1st building to reach 10 storeys

Frank Lloyd Wright

Modernist architect; architecture is an extension of the environment; one of the most influential architect in the 20th Ce

Prairie style

Style of domestic American architecture
-2-storey ht w/ wings and porches of 1-storey
-central portion of the house is higher than its adjacent flanking wings

Guggenheim Museum by Frank Llyod Wright

Modernist architecture; created as a series of organic shapes; circular forms spiral down like the interior of a nautilus shell

Falling Water by Frank Llyod Wright

Modernist architecture; special house built on waterfalls; harmony between man and nature

Johnson Wax Administration Building by Frank Lloyd Wright

Modernist architecture; constructed with more than 200 sizes and shapes of bricks

Usonian Houses by Frank Lloyd Wright

Modernist architecture; can be assembled using pre-fabricated wood sandwich panels erected with simple construction

Le Corbusier (Corbu)

Described the house as "machine for living in"; invented the pilotis

Charles Deouard Jeanneret

Real name of Le Corbusier

Pilotis

A column of iron, steel, or reinforced concrete supporting a building above an open ground level.

Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier

Modernist architecture; a weekend house known for allowing sunlight to pour into the main living quarters. It features stilted architecture with slender columns which created an illusion of lightness

Unite d’Habitation by Le Corbusier

Modernist architecture; tenement housing in France. A design made from the combination of anthropometrics and golden proportion

Notre Dame-du-Haut Ronchamp by Le Corbusier

Modernist architecture; a chapel made mostly of concrete and is enclosed by thick walls. The structure was like a sail billowing the windy currents on the hill top

Le Corbusier/LC2 chair

Grand comfort armchair by Corbu

Adjustable Chaise lounge

The first chaise to be made adjustable by simply moving the whole seat element within its quite separate support frame. By Le Corbusier

Charles Eames

Considered to be the most significant creative designer to have the most impact on today's design

Eames lounge chair

By Charles Eames

LCW dining chair

By Charles Emaes

Eames Chaise Lounge

By Charles Eames

Hans Wegner

A danish designer known as the "master of the chair." He designed over 500 different chairs including a series of Chinese inspired wooden chairs

Wishbone chair

By Hans Wegner; teak and paper cord seat

Finn Juhl

Modernist Danish Designer. Work; Chieftain Chair

George Nelson

American architect and designer. Works; Pretzel chair, Marshmallow sofa

Pretzel Chair

By George Nelson

Marshmallow Sofa

By George Nelson; has 18 buttons/circles

Aarne Jacobsen

Each piece had a purpose. Works; Egg chair, Swan chair

Egg Chair

By Arne Jacobsen

Swan Chair

By Arne Jacobsen

Eero Saarinen

Believed that plastic was the most appropriate because it was structural; function influence but does not dictate form. Works; Womb chair, tulip chair

Womb Chair with Stool

By Eero Saarinen

Tulip Chair

By Eero Saarinen

Alvar Aalto

He Used Wood over metal; excelled in mass production. Works; Paimio chair, Stool 60

Paimio Chair

For TB Hospital by Alvar Aalto

Stool 60

1st Stackable chair

Olivier Mourgue

French industrial designer famous for his futuristic Djinn chairs made of tubular steel frames

Edward Wormley

Known for reinterpreting classical & historical design into modern forms. Work; Listen to me chair

Tete-a-tete

By Edward Wormley

Listen to Me Chair

Psychiatric chair by Edward Wormley

Verner Panton

Master of fluid, futuristic style. Works; panton stacking, cone chair

Panton Stacking

Stackable chair by Verner Panton

Cone Chair

By Verner Panton

Eero Aarnio

A Finnish interior designer, pioneer in plastic chairs. Works; Pasil chair, bubble chair

Pasil chair

By Eero Aarnio

bubble chair

By Eero Aarnio

Harry Bertoia

Chairs should be able to rotate and change; steel. Work; Diamond chair

Diamond Chair

By Harry Bertoia

Bruno Mathsson

Bending of laminated wood; Swedish furniture designer and architect known for his functional modern pieces combined with Swedish craft tradition. Work; Eva chair

Eva Chair

By Bruno Mathsson

Art Deco

A style of decorative art characterized by geometric motifs, streamlined and curvilinear forms and sharply-defined outlines

Style Moderne

Art Deco is also called [answer]. It is essentially an eclectic style because of its diversity of historical sources. It is a shortened form from the “Exposition Internationale Des Artes Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes” where it was first seen

True

True or false: Due to the 1930s crash of stock exchange in America, Art Deco emerged

Chrysler Building

Art deco architecture; it was the world’s tallest building before it was overtaken by the Empire State Building. It is currently the 2nd tallest building in New York

Sun Motif

The Chrysler Building’s top features a

Empire State Building

Art deco architecture; a 102 storey skyscraper derived from New York’s nickname, Empire State. It was the title holder of the tallest building for 40 years until the construction of The World’s North Tower

International Style

A functional architecture devoid of any regional character. Characterized by simple, geometric forms, large, untextured often white surfaces, large areas of glass and general use of steel or reinforced concrete construction

UN Headquarters by Wallace K. Harrison

International style architecture; a 39 storey or 166m tall slab has become a worldwide symbol of the UN. It has a green glass-curtain tower which is the 1st of its kind in New York