Visual System

KIN 4571 Final Exam

Pupil

The hole in the central iris that allows light to enter the eye.

B

What letter is the pupil?

Iris

Muscles that regulate the amount of light entering the eye, consisting of circular fibers for constriction and radial fibers for dilation.

D

What letter is the iris?

Constriction

Bright light

Relaxed

Normal light

Dilation

Dim light

Sclera

The white part of the eye that shapes and protects it.

E

What letter is the sclera?

Lens

The part of the eye that focuses light rays onto the retina.

C

What letter is the lens?

Cornea

The transparent covering of the iris that helps focus light.

A

What letter is the cornea?

Choroid

The layer that lies within the sclera, providing nutrients to the retina through blood vessels.

G

What letter is the choroid?

Retina

The layer lining 3/4 of the eyeball, containing photoreceptors like rods and cones and starting the visual pathway.

F

What letter is the retina?

Optic Disc

The start of the optic nerve (CN II); an area on the retina with no photoreceptors.

optic disc

What is the green mark?

Fovea

The area of the retina with the largest number of cones, providing the clearest vision.

fovea

What is the circled structure?

lateral

The fovea is located _______ to the optic disc, thus making the “blind spot” for the left eye on the left side

Blind Spot

The area on the retina without photoreceptors; corresponding to the optic disc.

left

The left eye blind spot is on what side?

right

The right eye blind spot is on what side?

Monocular Vision

The visual field with one eye open, resulting in a field of 160 degrees wide by 135 degrees high.

Binocular Vision

The visual field with both eyes open, resulting in a wider field of 200 degrees wide by 135 degrees high.

Binocular Overlap

The area in the visual field where the images from both eyes overlap, allowing for depth perception and a more accurate perception of objects. The field of view is 120 degrees wide by 135 degrees high.

height; width

________ of the visual field does NOT change, but ________ gets bigger.

retina, optic disk, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus (Thalamus), optic radiations, primary visual area (Occipital lobe)

order of visual pathway

bilateral

The visual pathway is _________

Dorsal Stream

The visual processing pathway that answers the question 'where/how?' regarding objects. It is about the “action”. Ex. when seeing a football being thrown, this pathway would answer how fast the football is going and where.

dorsal stream

What is the green part?

Ventral Stream

The visual processing pathway that answers the question 'what?' regarding objects. It is about the “perceptual”. Ex. when seeing a football being thrown, this pathway would answer that it is a football.

ventral stream

What is the purple part?

medially

If an image hits _________, it will cross at the optic chiasm

laterally

If an image hits _________, it will not cross at the optic chiasm and stay ipsilateral

left

The right field is processed by the ______ brain

right

The left field is processed by the ______ brain

Optic Chiasm

The point where optic nerve fibers cross over; crucial for visual information processing.

Optic Tract

The pathway carrying visual information from the optic chiasm to the lateral geniculate nucleus.

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

The relay center in the thalamus for visual information, part of the visual pathway.

Optic Radiations

The pathways that carry visual information from the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual area.

Primary Visual Area

The area in the occipital lobe that processes visual information.

right eye

Damage to the right optic nerve causes a loss of vision in the _________

lateral; left; right

Damage to the optic chiasm will cause a loss of vision in the _______ side of both eyes (______ side of left eye and _______ side of right eye)

left

Damage to the right optic tract causes a loss of vision in the _______ side of both eyes