Period 8 and 9 Test Review Topics

Flashcards for Period 8 and 9 Test Review

What was the Marshall Plan?

A U.S. plan for aiding the European nations in economic recovery after World War II in order to stabilize and rebuild their countries and prevent the spread of communism.

What is the Containment Policy?

A foreign policy strategy to prevent the spread of communism during the Cold War.

What was the primary reason for the Korean War?

To prevent the spread of communism in North Korea

What was the public opinion regarding the Korean War?

Mixed; initially supportive, but later decreased due to stalemate and casualties.

What were the characteristics of 1950s America?

Conformity, consumerism, suburban growth, traditional family values.

What was the Second Red Scare?

Increased fear of communism and communist influence within the U.S.

Who was Senator McCarthy?

Senator who led aggressive anti-communist campaigns, often based on little to no evidence.

What was the peacetime transition and economic boom of the 1950s?

A period of economic expansion and increased prosperity following WWII.

Who were the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement?

Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X.

What is segregation?

The legal and social separation of people based on race; declared unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education.

What were key organizations in the Civil Rights Movement?

NAACP, SCLC, SNCC.

What was the primary reason for the Vietnam War?

To prevent the spread of communism in South Vietnam.

What was the public opinion regarding the Vietnam War?

Increasingly negative, especially after the Tet Offensive and reports of atrocities.

What was the Counterculture of the 1960s?

A movement that rejected mainstream American values and advocated for peace, love, and individual freedom.

What was the Baby Boom?

A significant increase in the birth rate after World War II.

What is Modern Liberalism?

Government intervention in the economy and social issues to promote equality and social welfare.

What were the challenges to Modern Liberalism?

Economic stagnation, social divisions, challenges to traditional values.

What was the Great Society?

President Johnson's set of domestic programs aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice.

What was the Warren Court?

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, known for its liberal decisions expanding civil rights and liberties.

What was the Women's Liberation Movement?

A movement advocating for women's rights and gender equality.

What is New Conservatism?

A political ideology emphasizing limited government, individual liberty, and traditional values.

What was the Christian Right?

A conservative religious movement that became politically active in the late 20th century.

What were the Economic Challenges in the 1970s and 1980s?

Inflation, energy crisis, economic recession.

What is Reaganomics?

Economic policies associated with President Reagan, including tax cuts and deregulation to stimulate economic growth.

What was the Rust Belt?

A decline in industrial employment and population in the northeastern and midwestern U.S.

What were the consequences of Terrorism and Post 9/11?

Increased security measures, debates over privacy, and military interventions.

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Providing economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey to prevent them from falling under Soviet influence.

What is the Cold War?

A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare.

What was Eisenhower's "New Look" foreign policy?

Focus on building up nuclear arsenals and deterring Soviet aggression.

What were the major foreign policy events during Kennedy's presidency?

The Bay of Pigs invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

What was the most significant foreign policy issue during Johnson's presidency?

Escalation of the Vietnam War.

What were the key foreign policy achievements of Nixon?

Détente with the Soviet Union and opening relations with China.

What were the major foreign policy challenges during Ford's presidency?

Attempting to contain Soviet influence while dealing with domestic economic challenges.

What was Carter's major foreign policy achievement?

Brokering the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt.

What was Reagan's approach to foreign policy?

Confronting the Soviet Union and increasing military spending.

What were the defining foreign policy events during George H.W. Bush's presidency?

The end of the Cold War and the Persian Gulf War.

What were key aspects of Clinton's foreign policy?

Intervention in the Balkans and promotion of free trade agreements.

What were the major foreign policy initiatives during George W. Bush's presidency?

The War on Terror and interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.

What were some of the key foreign policy strategies employed by Obama?

Use of drone strikes and diplomatic efforts with Iran.

What was a significant domestic policy achievement of Eisenhower?

Creating the Interstate Highway System.

What was Johnson's major domestic policy initiative?

Implementing the Great Society programs.

Nixon's domestic policy legacy:

Established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

What were the main domestic policy concerns during Ford's presidency?

Economic challenges and efforts to address the energy crisis.

What were the core elements of Carter's domestic policy agenda?

Focus on human rights and energy conservation.

What was Reagan's main approach to domestic policy?

Implementing Reaganomics and reducing the size of government.

What major domestic policy legislation was enacted during George H.W. Bush's presidency?

Passed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

What were the key domestic policy achievements of Clinton?

Welfare reform and balancing the federal budget.

What were the main domestic policy initiatives under George W. Bush?

Education reform (No Child Left Behind) and tax cuts.

What was Obama's signature domestic policy achievement?

Enacting the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare).

What was a demographic shift during the baby boom?

Suburban expansion and increased automobile ownership.

What was modern liberalism known for?

A focus on individual rights and freedoms.