Chapter 13: rate

what is reaction rate?

Reaction rate is the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction, typically measured by the change in concentration of a reactant or product over time.

what is instantaneous rate?

The instantaneous rate is the rate of a reaction at a specific moment in time, determined by the slope of the tangent line to the concentration vs. time curve at that point.

what is average rate?

The average rate is the change in concentration of a reactant or product over a specified time interval, calculated by dividing the change in concentration by the change in time.

does increasing concentration of a substance case a reaction to occur faster?

Yes, increasing the concentration of reactants generally leads to a higher reaction rate, as there are more particles available to collide and react.

what does a catalyst do?

A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction.

what effect does temperature have on the rate of reaction?

Temperature increases the reaction rate by providing more kinetic energy to the particles, leading to more frequent and effective collisions.

how does surface area affect the rate of reaction?

Increasing surface area allows more particles to be exposed for collisions, leading to a faster reaction rate.

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temperature, concentration of reactants, surface area, are all directly proportional to rate of reaction. If one increases the rate of reaction will also increase

what are zero order reaction?

Zero order reactions are those for which the rate of reaction is constant and independent of the concentration of the reactants. The reaction rate remains the same regardless of how much reactant is present.

what are the units of reaction rate?

The units of reaction rate are typically expressed as concentration per unit time, such as $mol imes L^{-1} imes s^{-1}$. mol/(L*s)

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molarity is in liters and time is in seconds

what is molarity?

Molarity is the concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution, typically denoted as $mol/L$.

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the concetration rate cen be determined by measuring either the products or reactants as they change over time in a given reaction.

true or false

the reactants of a reaction is represented by a negative symbol and the product is positive

true

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when comparing the instantaneous rates w/o data look at the two points and then which one is higher up in the graph? the point w/ the steeper slope has a higher instantaneous rate vs. the one rate of the point that is lower

what is rate law??

Rate law an eqn that relates the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. It typically takes the form of an equation that includes rate constants and the concentrations raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients.

true or false

in the equation of the rate law the k is a proportionality constant

True

true or false

in the equation of the rate law the k is not temperature dependent

False, the rate constant k is typically temperature dependent, as it can change with variations in temperature.

what is reaction order?

Reaction order refers to the power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the rate law equation. It indicates the relationship between the concentration of reactants and the rate of the reaction.

what is the overall order of reaction?

The overall order of reaction is the sum all the individual exponents of all the reactants in the rate law equation. It provides insight into how changes in concentration affect the rate of the reaction.

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when there isn’t a number above a particular reactant the order is considered one for that reactant is one

what is zero order?

Zero order refers to a reaction where the rate is constant and is independent of the concentration of the reactants. In a zero-order reaction, changes in reactant concentration do not affect the reaction rate.

what is chemical kinetics?

Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that affect these rates, including concentration, temperature, and catalysts.

what are integrated rate laws used for?

Integrated rate laws are used to relate the concentration of reactants to time,