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Urban Growth
The increase in population and development of cities, especially in free states before 1860.
Nativism
The political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants.
Irish Immigrants
Many migrants from Ireland, mostly arriving due to the potato famine, who settled in eastern cities for skilled labor.
German Immigrants
Migrants from Germany who came seeking better opportunities and settled mainly in the northwest for farming and business.
Know-Nothings
A political group formed to combat immigration, advocating for nativism and against the influence of Catholics in government.
The Lowell System
A system of labor that employed young women in textile factories under relatively better living conditions.
Interchangeable Parts
Manufactured components that are made to such a standard that they are replaceable in assembly, developed by Eli Whitney and Simon North.
Factory Girls Association
An early labor organization advocating for better working conditions and wages for women workers in factories.
The Rise of Industrialization
The transition from hand production methods to machines, leading to the establishment of factories, especially in the Northeast.
Employment Conditions
Refers to the working environments and wages endured by workers, often harsh and low during the early industrial period.
