HENRY VII AND THE NOBLES

What is an attainder?

a law passed by parliament that affects nobles, without trial

What did Henry do to many attainders, why?

reverse them, secures future loyalty by giving the land back

Why did Henry need the support of the nobles?

they maintained support and royal presence in their regions

Why were the nobles a threat?

they had built up armies and land at the expense of the crown

Which key nobles were dead by the time Henry took the throne?

Warwick and Buckingham

Did patronage become more or less common under Henry VII?

Patronage became less common

Who did Henry VII reward with patronage?

Jasper Tudor, John de Vere, Lord Stanley and Reginald Bray

Why did Henry not use patronage?

he didn’t want to create a new class of nobles

What did decreasing the use of patronage do?

caused the nobles to decrease in number and made Henry the main landowner in England

What was retaining?

the way in which nobles kept men as personal staff

How did retainers help nobles?

act in juries to help pass laws that the nobles wanted

What did Henry passing laws against retaining cause?

need a license from the king before they could acquire men and a 5 pound fine per illegal retainer

Why was passing laws against retaining ineffective?

it was an ongoing problem so easy to avoid needing a licence

how many nobles were under bonds?

46 out of 62

What does creating bonds do?

nobles now in debt to the crown so must remain loyal

what did Reginald Bray set up?

the council learned in law

What did the council learned in law set up?

initially, fiscal matters later used a legal device to investigate debts

When would nobles be forced to pay bonds?

in case of misbehaviour

What did the council learned in law use as informants?

spies to build up evidence for bonds

What happened if a landowner died and their heir was a child?

became a kings ward, king then controls the income and when child becomes of age he takes a large entry fine

Which nobles are allies with Henry?

Earl of Oxford and Lord Daubeney

Which nobles does Henry VII not trust?

John and Edmund de la Pole and the Earl of Suffolk

Who was also paranoid in regards to the nobility?

Richard III

Why was Richard III worried about the nobility?

he was a usurper and feared the nobles would take his throne so executed many, eg the Duke of Buckingham

What did Henry abolish in regards to private armies?

livery and maintenance, to have an army you needed approval from the king

What happened to the lands retained by the Kingmaker?

they were all retained by Henry

What did the 1486 act of resumption do?

recovered all of the crown properties granted away since 1455

What did Henry do to Surrey following Bosworth?

attaint his lands and imprison him

What was the great council also known as?

Magna Consilia

What were the three instances of the council being called in the 1480’s?

1485= marriage 1487=Simnel, 1488= Brittany Subsidy

What were the two instances of the council being called in the 1490’s?

1491= War with France, 1496= to grant a loan of 120,000 fr war with Scotland

What were bonds and recognisances usually centred around?

good behaviour and keeping the peace

Why did Thomas Grey have to transfer all his land bar two estates to trustees?

Henry didn’t trust him as he defected from Henry’s sidein 1485