Gastrointestinal System: Stomach, Intestines, and Accessory Organs

Lecture 22

What is are the features of a carnivorous stomach?

small, simple

What is are the features of a hebivore’s stomach?

small or large/complex (depends on location)

Which type of animal would this GI tract belong to?

Carnivore

Which type of animal would this GI tract belong to?

Ruminant

Which type of animal would this GI tract belong to?

Herbivore

T/F: The simple stomach is fully within the ribcage.

True

#1

Cardia

#2

Fundus

#3

Body

#4

Pyloric

Is the pyloric portion of the simple stomach found more on the right or left?

right

Is the cardia of the simple stomach found more on the right or left?

left

What is the outermost layer of the simple stomach?

Serosa

Serosa

What creates the mucosal folds in the simple stomach?

submucosa

What is the thinnest layer of the simple stomach wall?

Muscularis mucosa

What is the innermost layer of the simple stomach wall?

Mucosa

What type of mucosal layer gland produces hydrochloric acid for digestion?

Proper gastric

What types of mucosal layer glands produces mucus to protect the mucosa?

Pyloric and Cardiac

T/F: Location of the mucosal layer glands always correspond to their name.

False

What is the part of the simple stomach that controls the flow in/out the stomach?

Sphincter

What type of sphincter controls flow associated with the esophagus (entry)?

Cardiac sphincter

What type of sphincter controls flow associated with the small intestine (exit)?

Pyloric Sphincter

What are folds of the stomach called and their purpose?

Rugae, surface area for secretion/digestion

What does the intestine include?

anything from the pylorus to the anus

Which is the most proximal portion of the intestine?

Small intestine

List the parts of the small intestine from proximal to distal.

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

List the 3 parts of the large intestine.

Cecum, colon, rectum

What is the main purpose of the small intestine?

enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption

#1

Mucosa

#2

Submucosa

#3

Muscular (2 Layers)

#4

Serosa

Both the ____ and ______ have ducts that enter the small intestine to aid with digestion.

liver and pancreas

What increase the surface area for nutrient absorption?

intestinal villi

What are the glands called found on the surface of the lumen that secrete mucous and enzymes to aid in digestion?

crypts

2-4

Duodenum

#5

Jejunum

#6

Ileum

Which part of the Small intestine is most connected to the mesentery?

Jejunum

Is the cecum larger in carnivores and omnivores, or ruminants?

ruminants

What marks the division of the cecum and colon?

ileum

Cecum (top: carnivore; bottom: ruminant)

#4

ileal orifice

#5

Ceco-colic orifice

List the colon locations.

Ascending (vertical), transverse (s2s), descending (down)

What is the most dorsal structure in the abdomen and pelvic cavity?

rectum

What is shown by the purple arrow?

Rectum

How is the rectum held in place?

mesorectum

What two sphincters make up the anus?

Internal and external

What glands surround the anus?

anal sac gland

What is the purpose of the anal sac gland of a dog?

mark territory

What animals have very prominent anal sac glands?

carnivores, skunks

What are the three accessory GI structures?

liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

What does the term friable mean?

can easily be torn

How many lobes are there to the liver?

4

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Left, Quadrate, Right, Caudate

#2?

Medial

#1?

Lateral

#3?

Quadrate

#4?

Medial

#5

Lateral

#6 & #7

Caudate

What produces bile?

Liver

#2

Bile duct

#1

Gallbladder

What animal is there no gallbladder?

Horse

Where is the bile stored?

Gallbladder

Pancreas

What is the function of the pancreas?

break down protein, carbohydrates, and fats

#6? #7? #5?

6: Body 7: Right lobe 5: Left lobe

The left lobe of the pancreas is close to what?

the stomach

#9

Bile duct

In what species are there separate openings in the duodenum for the bile and pancreatic duct?

canine, feline, cattle

In what species is there a common opening in the duodenum for the bile and pancreatic duct?

equine, sheep, goats