Circulation Lecture 7

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the circulatory and respiratory systems, including definitions of important terms and processes.

Open circulatory system

A system where blood (hemolymph) exits vessels and enters open spaces in the body; typical in arthropods. Independent on gas exchange - Arthropods

Closed circulatory system

A system where blood is always maintained inside vessels, found in vertebrates, annelids, and cephalopods. Dependent on gas exchange - Vertebrates & Annelids

Hemoglobin

A pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen, containing iron that binds to O2 in the lungs.

Diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles relax and fill with blood from the atriums.

Systole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract to push blood out to the lungs and body.

Countercurrent heat exchange

A mechanism that warms muscles of marine animals by minimizing heat loss in cold water.

Loops of Henle

U-shaped structures in the kidneys that retain water and concentrate urine.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. (No valves)

Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. (Have valves)

Parts of the Blood

plasma (liquid solution) & blood cells (erythrocytes) which contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen when it binds to 4 Fe atoms in the lungs (oxygenation) and release it into the body cells (deoxygenation) - PASSIVELY

Bohr Effect

The ability of red blood cell’s to hold onto oxygen changes when acidity and carbon dioxide levels change. (when blood is acidic, more CO2, hemoglobin has less affinity for oxygen) 

Cardiac Cycle

rhythmicity of the beat heart during diastole and systole