MODULE 3- The Ancient World (Greece & Rome)

Chauvet cave

The oldest known of these works, discovered in the deep recesses of the _______ in southern France, are also the most advanced in their naturalism, suggesting the artists desire to imitate the actual appearance of the animals represented.

animals

In cave paintings and sculptures, _____ dominate the subject matter in cave art.

naturalistic

the more _________ the image of the animal was depicted in the artwork, the better the chance for the person to capture the animal’s spirit and attributes

high relief

What type of sculpture would this be?

Two Bison. Tuc d'Audoubert Cave, Ariège, France. clay

fertility & child-bearing

Tiny carved figures were made in an abstract method, an example is the Woman (Venus) of Willendorf from the Paleolithic period; defining features, suggesting a connection to __________.

Sarsen & Bluestone

were used to create Stonehenge

Stonehenge

the most famous megalithic structure in the world is a cromlech

Summer Solstice

The orientation of Stonehenge toward the rising sun at the _________ indicates a connection to planting and harvest and the passing of time; astronomical calendar

Chromlechs

Megaliths that appear in circles are known as ______

Post and Lintel

The type of construction used to create Stonehenge

Mortise and Tenon Joints

ziggurat

a pyramidal temple structure consisting of successive platforms with outside staircases and a shrine at the top; An early Mesopotamian text called “the bond between heaven and earth”.

HIERATIC SCALE

is scale based on relative importance. That is, the more important a figure, the larger he or she is in relation to the figures around him or her.

The Law Code Stele of Hammurabi

Most famous Babylonian ruler was Hammurabi; famous for his law code; is a record of decisions and decrees made by Hammurabi over the course of some 40 years of his reign

Low relief

What type of sculpture is this?

Assurnasirpal Killing Lions

Assyrian LAMASSU

winged human-headed bull; showed the power and strength of their society as well as the ruler/king; intimidates on-comers; denoted strength, power, war and conquest

Ka

The goal of the Egyptians was to find a home for the ____ or Soul in the afterlife.

Palette of King Narmer

the tablet celebrates the victory of Upper Egypt, led by King Narmer, over Lower Egypt, in a battle that united the country

Khafre’s Pyramid

a pyramid that contains limestone casing and is the one that Is associated with the Great Sphinx

Akhenaten

  we call the reign of _______ the Amarna Period; he changed  1. Briefly changed traditional religious 2. Artistic canons

“Toreador” fresco

does not actually depict a bullfight; may be a ritual activity, connected perhaps to a rite of passage, or in what may be a sporting event, designed to entertain the royal court.

Romans & Greek

________ were concerned about recording history therefore, for them it was the idea of realism; ________ culture centered around the idea of perfection (Idealism). Always in constant search of the perfect body (sculpture/physical) and the perfect temple (architecture).

Doric Column

more masculine; larger temples; simple

Ionic Column

more feminine; smaller temples

Corinthian Column

extreme detail

Composite Column

fusion

Parthenon

The Doric order reached its pinnacle of perfection in the _____; is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered the zenith of the Doric order and is dedicated to the Goddess Athena

Temple of Athena Nike

the smallest temple located inside the ACROPOLIS with the IONIC COLUMN

high relief

What type of sculpture is this?

Nike Adjusting her Sandal

Archaic Sculpture

similarly stiff, formal; looking straight at you

Classical Sculpture

naturalism and movement of the figures, relaxed poses (contrapposto)

contrapposto

stance where the weight of the body is placed on one leg while the other leg rests

Apoxyomenos (The Scraper)

sculpture of the fourth century BCE demonstrates figures in contrapposto and three- dimensional realism

 hellenistic sculpture

the sculpture is no longer content simply to represent the figure  (drama, emotional, movement)

The Nike of Samothrace

is a masterpiece of Hellenistic realism.

The Laocoon Group

marks a shift from sculptors needing simply to represent a figure realistically

Romans

were extremely influenced by the Greeks culture when it came to their architecture and art

Julius Cesear

Who was the first Roman leader to put his image on a coin?

commemorative art

arch, vault, and done concrete

St. Peter

Another remarkable symbol of Roman power is the column of Trajan. 

Whose stature do we see in its place today?

Summerians 

who’s sculpture is this?