Child Development Lecture Review (O-HUD 201)

Flashcards covering key developmental stages, historical views, major theories, research methods, prenatal stages, birthing processes, and newborn characteristics from the O-HUD 201 lecture notes.

What are the four main developmental stages and their age ranges defined in the notes?

The stages are Infancy ($0$ to $3$ years), Early childhood ($3$ to $6$ years), Mid childhood ($6$ to $12$ years), and Adolescence ($12$ to $18$ years).

What are the three main domains of human development mentioned in the notes?

Physical Development, Social Development, and Cognitive Development.

What historical views of children preceded the 20th-century view of childhood as unique?

Children were historically viewed as mini Adults, as well as through concepts like Tabula Rasa and Noble Savage.

How do sensitive periods differ from critical periods in child development?

Sensitive periods are important but not essential (e.g., language development), whereas critical periods result in permanent changes.

Which theorists are associated with classical conditioning, and what core elements does it involve?

Ivan Pavlov and John Watson are associated with classical conditioning, which involves Stimulus and Response.

Which theorist is associated with operant conditioning, and what are its key mechanisms?

B.F. Skinner is associated with operant conditioning, which relies on Reinforcement and Punishment.

According to Jean Piaget's cognitive theory, what processes are involved in adaptation?

Adaptation involves Assimilation, Accommodation, and Equilibration.

Which theorist proposed the ecological framework involving $5+1$ systems?

Urie Bronfenbrenner.

What key concepts are associated with Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural approach?

Reciprocal Transactions and Scaffolding.

What types of studies are listed under correlational research?

Naturalistic observation, Ethnographic studies, Case studies, Surveys, and Psychophysiological methods.

What are the three sequential stages of prenatal development?

1. Germinal stage, 2. Embryonic stage, 3. Fetal stage.

What five signs are evaluated using the Apgar scale at $1$ and $5$ minutes after birth?

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration.

What physical appearance traits are common in newborns?

Vernix, lanugo, puffy eyes, and Neonatal jaundice.

What birthing strategies and procedures are listed in the notes?

Lamaze, Bradley, Hypnobirthing, Water birthing, and Cesarean.

What weight thresholds are indicated for low birth weight and very low birth weight in preterm infants?

Low birth weight is under $5.5$\,lbs and very low weight is under $3.5$\,lbs.

Which reflexive behaviors are specifically highlighted for neonates?

Sucking + swallowing, and Rooting.