AP Psychology MC Unit 1

Test 10/10

 Johanna, a high school senior, starts experiencing disruptions in her movement when she cannot contract certain muscles. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely involved in this disruption of the muscle contraction? 

(A) Acetylcholine 

(B) GABA 

(C) Serotonin 

(D) Endorphins 

A

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state? 

(A) The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside. 

(B) The outside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the inside. 

(C) The concentration of sodium ions is equal inside and outside of the cell membrane. 

(D) The neuron is not polarized

A

The graph depicts which of the following? 

(A) Long-term potentiation 

(B) Brain plasticity 

(C) The sleep/wake cycle 

(D) The process of neural transmission 

D

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the reflex arc of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? 

(A) Receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons 

(B) Receptors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons 

(C) Interneurons, receptors, sensory neurons, motor neurons 

(D) Receptors, sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons 

A

Which of the following is a primary function of the nervous system depicted in the figure?

(A) Breaking down food to process into energy 

(B) Sending and receiving sensory and motor signals 

(C) Receiving chemical signals from the outside world 

(D) Secreting hormones that regulate body temperature 

B

Shao Mae takes medication to relieve depression. The medication increases her neural activity. However, immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation for a short time. Which of the following describes the brief time period when the neuron is unable to fire? 

(A) the action potential 

(B) the threshold difference 

(C) the refractory period 

(D) depolarization 

C

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by which of the following? 

(A) sensory neurons 

(B) dopamine neurons 

(C) refractory neurons 

(D) motor neurons 

A

The figure shows the myelin sheath, a semipermeable membrane that provides support and helps speed up the action potential in neurons. What condition occurs when the immune system causes the deterioration of the myelin sheath? 

(A) Alzheimer’s disease 

(B) Multiple sclerosis 

(C) Autism 

(D) Myasthenia gravis 

B

Ollie takes a medication that prevents the neurotransmitter serotonin from being reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires. Which of the following is the correct term for this process? 

(A) depolarization 

(B) lateral inhibition 

(C) reuptake 

(D) synaptic transmission

C

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called 

(A) neural integration 

(B) refraction 

(C) synaptic transmission 

(D) the action potential 

D

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep

coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

(A) Hypothalamus

(B) Frontal lobe

(C) Reticular formation

(D) Thalamus

C

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead ofhim.

2. Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with Ted’s fear response?

(A) Medulla

(B) Occipital lobe

(C) Hippocampus

(D) Amygdala

D

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

(A) hippocampus

(B) hypothalamus

(C) medulla

(D) cerebellum

A

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and

is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

(A) Cerebellum

(B) Hypothalamus

(C) Parietal lobe

(D) Frontal lobe

D

Darby had damage to his brain that resulted in impairment of multiple senses. He most likely experienced damage

to which brain structure?

(A) Thalamus

(B) Amygdala

(C) Cerebellum

(D) Hypothalamus

A

During a psychology experiment, a researcher uses a probe to lesion the ventromedial nucleus of a rat’s

hypothalamus. After the procedure the rat most likely will

(A) become less aggressive

(B) become more aggressive

(C) eat more and gain weight

(D) stop eating and lose weight

(E) experience a loss of coordination and muscular control

D

Which of the following areas of the body has the largest number of sensory neurons?

(A) Back

(B) Foot

(C) Ear

(D) Lips

(E) Wrist

D

A common psychological effect of alcohol intake is 

(A) reduced inhibition 

(B) anxiety 

(C) enhanced memory 

(D) psychosis 

(E) heightened creativity 

A

Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as 

(A) a hallucinogen 

(B) a depressant 

(C) a neurotransmitter 

(D) an antagonist 

(E) an agonist 

B

When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain’s ability to form new memories in the 

(A) reticular formation 

(B) occipital lobe 

(C) parietal lobe 

(D) thalamus 

(E) hippocampus 

E

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter? 

(A) Epinephrine 

(B) Endorphins 

(C) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 

(D) Substance P 

(E) Dopamine 

E

An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amounts to achieve the state of well being attained in the past. This individual is showing 

(A) withdrawal symptoms 

(B) alcohol-induced psychosis 

(C) state-dependent learning 

(D) alcohol tolerance 

(E) delirium tremens 

D

When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is

(A) an opiate 

(B) an amphetamine 

(C) a depressant 

(D) a hallucinogen 

(E) a stimulant 

A

The painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance is known as (A) discontinuance 

(B) tolerance 

(C) withdrawal 

(D) forced independence 

(E) transduction 

C

Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?

(A) The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input 

(B) Improved memory function 

(C) Decreased pain sensation and decreased anxiety 

(D) Slower bodily functions 

(E) The experience of brief euphoria followed by a depressive state 

A

Which of the following will NOT increase behavioral and mental activity? 

(A) Cocaine 

(B) Caffeine 

(C) Benzedrine 

(D) Amphetamines 

(E) Barbiturates 

E

Which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity? 

(A) Cocaine 

(B) Alcohol 

(C) Morphine 

(D) A barbiturate 

(E) Heroin 

A

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are

collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

(A) electroencephalography (EEG)

(B) computed tomography (CT)

(C) positron-emission tomography (PET)

(D) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side of the face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find which of the following?

(A) An abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

(B) An increase in brain activity in the left frontal lobe

(C) An abnormal growth in the right frontal lobe

(D) A pattern of red and yellow highlighting activity in Broca’s area

A

A research team lesioned the lateral hypothalamus of a rat and then monitored the rat’s activity when it recovered

from the surgery. Their hypothesis is likely to be that the rat would do which of the following?

(A) Experience impaired short-term memory in learning a maze

(B) Form extreme fear responses to nonthreatening stimuli

(C) Show reduced eating behavior

(D) Display increased sociability toward other rats

C

Holly was injured in a car accident. Her doctor prescribed a medication that increases the action of endorphins to decrease

pain.

Which of the following statements best describes this medication?

(A) It functions as an agonist.

(B) It produces aphasia.

(C) It accelerates sensory interaction.

(D) It acts as an antagonist.

A

Researchers at a local veteran’s hospital wanted to explore the impact of traumatic brain injuries on veteran’s ability

to sleep. Which of the following would the researchers use if they wanted to see the brain activity in a particular

area of the brain as the veteran’s were sleeping?

(A) EEG

(B) Survey

(C) fMRI

(D) Lesioning

C

Mr. Berndt is teaching his AP Psychology class about the nervous system.

Which of the following statements would best help students accurately differentiate between the primary roles of

glial cells and neurons?

(A) Glial cells release chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapses, while neurons provide structural

support.

(B) Glial cells provide support, insulation, and waste removal functions for neurons, while neurons create and

transmit electrical impulses between cells.

(C) Glial cells and neurons are both involved in processing sensory information, while primarily glial cells

receive and process sensory input from the external environment.

(D) Glial cells are found in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, while neurons are only found in the

central nervous system.

B

Dr. Lanier studies brain structures associated with sight in mice. She removes parts of the mice’s occipital lobes at birth to

determine what features of the environment they cannot see based on which part of the lobe was removed. Her research

was approved by the Animal Care Committee at her institution.

Researchers like Dr. Lanier are using which of the following methods as described in the scenario to explore

damaged brain areas with specific behaviors?

(A) Meta-analysis

(B) Lesioning

(C) fMRI

(D) Shaping

B

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in 

(A) driving a car 

(B) reading a textbook 

(C) sensing painful stimuli 

(D) digesting food 

(E) experiencing pain

D

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following? 

(A) An increase in pupil dilation 

(B) An increase in respiratory rate 

(C) A decrease in digestion 

(D) A decrease in salivation 

(E) A decrease in heart rate

E

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the 

(A) angular gyrus 

(B) hippocampus 

(C) parasympathetic nervous system 

(D) sympathetic nervous system 

(E) ventricular system 

D

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus? 

(A) Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors 

(B) Receptors, efferent neurons, interneurons, afferent neurons, effectors 

(C) Interneurons, effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons 

(D) Effectors, interneurons, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons 

(E) Effectors, receptors, afferent neurons, efferent neurons, interneurons 

A

Painkilling substances produced by the brain are known as 

(A) cortisols 

(B) endorphins 

(C) glucocorticoids 

(D) pheromones 

(E) hormones

B

A person accidentally touches a hand to a hot stove and quickly pulls the hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. The person’s reaction is most directly enabled by 

(A) the hypothalamus 

(B) the cerebellum 

(C) a spinal reflex 

(D) the hippocampus 

(E) the sensory cortex

C

The sequence of shifts in the electrical charge of a neuron is called 

(A) neural integration 

(B) refraction 

(C) synaptic transmission 

(D) the action potential 

(E) differential conduction

D

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

(A) Occipital lobe

(B) Wernicke’s area

(C) Auditory cortex

(D) Parietal lobe

B

Beth received a surgery in which half of her cortex was removed to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years

old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical

five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?

(A) Reuptake

(B) Dual processing

(C) Accommodation

(D) Brain plasticity

D

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech

most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

(A) The limbic system

(B) Wernicke’s area

(C) Broca’s area

(D) Theoccipital lobe

C

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of

facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

(A) Hippocampus

(B) Thalamus

(C) Hypothalamus

(D) Amygdala

D

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

(A) Aphasia

(B) Increased aggression

(C) A loss of motor coordination

(D) A change in personality

C

Which part of the brain represented above is indicated by A?

(A) Cerebellum

(B) Prefrontal cortex

(C) Somatosensory cortex

(D) Wernicke’s area

(E) Broca’s area

C

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he

was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?

(A) The parietal lobe

(B) The occipital lobe

(C) The hippocampus

(D) Wernicke's area

B

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

(A) see light

(B) lose the sense of smell

(C) jerk the left arm

(D) hear sounds

D