psych terms

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43 Terms

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functionalism

school of thought that emphasizes the purpose of behavior

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mary calkins

first female president of the APA

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stanley hall

first president of the APA 1st journal

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william james

functionalist and father of american psychology

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inferential statistics

ways of using statistical tests to make inferences

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afferent (sensory) neurons

a - arrive/at

brings information to the brain

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efferent (motor)

e - exit

sends information from the brain to the rest of the body

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interneurons

the relay station between motor and sensory neurons

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limbic system (HATH)

hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus

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left hemisphere

language; if a picture was shown to the right eye and processed in the left hemisphere, the person can say what they see

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right hemisphere

creativity; if a picture was shown to the left eye and processed in the right hemisphere, the person cannot say what they see

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twin studies

identical twins - monozygotic (MZ)

fraternal twins - dizygotic (DZ)

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freud’s wish fulfillment

latent content - hidden meaning

manifest content - dream content

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top-down processing

using previous knowledge to perceive things

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bottom-up processing

takes sensory information and assembles it

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law of effect

behaviors followed by pleasant or rewarding consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by unpleasant or punishing consequences are less likely to be repeated

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insight learning

a sudden realization of a solution to a problem (chimps stacking crates to get banana)

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noam chomsky

innate language/universal grammar

stated that language is innate and we are predisposed to learn it

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whorf

linguistic determinism

stated that language influences how we think

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inductive reasoning

specific to general information

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deductive information

general to specific information

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triarchic theory

sternberg; analytical, practical, and creative

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IQ formula

mental age over chronological age times 100

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down syndrome

extra copy of 21st chromosome

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teratogens

outside factors that can cause abnormal prenatal development

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secure attachment

kid gets upset when mom leaves and is easily calmed on return

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avoidant attachment

avoids mom and does not care when she leaves

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ambivalent attachment

avoids mom and freaks out when she leaves

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disorganized attachment

confused, fearful, dazed—result of abuse

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social learning theory

we learn gender roles and identity from people around us

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lateral hypothalamus

when stimulated, makes you hungry

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ventromedial hypothalamus

when stimulated, you feel full

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james-lange theory

physiological action happens before the emotions

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cannon-bard theory

physiological action and emotion occur at the same time

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lazarus

cognitive appraisal/labeling causes a physiological response and emotion

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schacter-singer

physiological action and cognitive labeling = emotion

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id

unconscious, devil on the shoulder

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superego

moral conscious, angel on shoulder

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ego

mediator

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reciprocal determinism

a person’s thoughts, behaviors, and enviornment influence each other

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rational-emotive therapy

a form of psychotherapy that helps you identify self-defeating thoughts and feelings

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central route to persuasion

in depth checking of validity

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peripheral route to persuasion

surface level checking