Main “What to Know” Flashcard Set

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter an object contains

Extensive property

A property that depends on the amount of matter present

Intensive property

A property that depends on the type of matter

Physical property

A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its composition

Examples of physical properties

Hardness, color, boiling point, and melting point

Chemical property

The ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

When can a chemical property be observed?

When a substance undergoes a chemical change

Four states of matter

Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

Solid particles

Tightly packed and vibrate around fixed positions

Solid shape and volume

Definite shape and definite volume

Liquid particles

Close together but able to move and slide past one another

Liquid shape and volume

Indefinite shape and definite volume

Gas particles

Very far apart and move freely

Gas shape and volume

Indefinite shape and indefinite volume

Plasma

An ionized gas made of electrically charged particles

What happens to particle energy as matter is heated?

Particle energy increases

Melting

Solid to liquid

heat goes into the substance

Freezing

Liquid to solid

heat leaves the substance

Vaporization

Liquid to gas

heat goes into the substance

Condensation

Gas to liquid

heat leaves the substance

Sublimation

Solid to gas

heat goes into the substance

Mixture

A physical blend of two or more components

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture whose components are evenly distributed

Another name for a homogeneous mixture

Solution

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture whose components are not evenly distributed

Homogeneous mixture phases

One phase

Heterogeneous mixture phases

Two or more phases

Pure substance

Matter with a fixed and definite composition

How can mixtures be separated?

By physical means using differences in physical properties

Matter flow chart

Matter is divided into substances and mixtures

Substance flow chart

Substances are divided into elements and compounds

Mixture flow chart

Mixtures are divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures