Arthrology

What does syn mean

to bring together

Name and describe the 4 types of joints

1. fibrous joints (solid mass of connective tissue) (firmer, more stable) (not a lot of movement)

2. cartilaginous joints (solid mass of cartilage) (still not much movement)

3. synovial joints (sleeve of connective tissue) (joint cavity inbetween) (movement!)

4. synostosis (fusion of bones) (connective tissue/cartilage that turns into bone fusion)

What is the first type of FIBROUS JOINT? within it (3)

Syndesmosis

—within syndesmosis there is an interosseous membrane & a interosseous ligament

—there is also gomphosis

—these 3 are all types of syndesmosis!

---

Interosseous membrane is a membrane between the bones (like a sheet)

—made of dense irregular connective tissue

—only place is between the tibia & fibula, and between the radius & ulna

---

Interosseous ligament is a ligament sandwiched between the bones

—it is all over the body (at the ends and starts of bones)

---

Gomphosis

—specific to the mouth

—binding the teeth to the jaw (thin line) (so the teeth won’t fall out!)

What is the second type of FIBROUS JOINT? (4) What are they made of? Draw them

sutures (all made of dense irregular connective tissue)

(least to most surfact area)

—plane (flat)

—limbous (angle)

—serrate (saw, serrated knife)

—denticulate (tooth-like appearance)

Name the types are cartilaginous joints (2)

1. Synchondrosis

2. Symphysis

1st type of cartilaginous tissue

Synchondrosis

1. General type of synchondrosis (bone ends held together by hyaline cartilage) (found in costal cartilages)

2. Epiphysial cartilage (remember epiphysial =ends of bones) (they are discs of hyaline cartilage) (growth plates!)

2nd type of cartilaginous joints

Symphysis

—down the middle of the body

—made of fibrocartilage

—in between vertebrae, os coxae

Label each piece

orange=periosteum

blue=articular cartilage

green=fibrous layer

pink=synovial layer

beige adjacent to orange =subperiosteal bone region

beige under blue=subchondral bone region

brown=spongy distribution

What is the structure and function of the meniscus?

STRUC: fibrocartilage

FUNC: shock absorption

LOC: only knee

name the structure, what is it made of, where else is it found, function

articular disc

fibrocartilage

between ulna and carpals

shock absorption (falling, landing)

name the strucure, what is it made of, where else can it be found, function

labrum

fibrocartilage

found in hip, shoulder

provide stablilty

extracapsular ligaments

STRUC: dense irregular connective tissue (stability)

DISTRIB: outside of joint capsule (surrounding a synovial joint)

FUNC: limit ROM

synovial bursa (STRUC, DISTRIB, FUNC) draw it and describe

STRUC: fibrous layer of synovial bursa( dense irregular connective tissue)

synovial layer of synovial bursa (loose connective tissue)

DISTRIB: joints that have high friction

FUNC: provide a gliding motion

tendon sheath, draw, describe

STRUC: fibrous sheath (dense irregular connective tissue)

synovial sheath (loose connective tissue)

DISTRIB: around tendons

FUNC: gliding tendons (good movement)

in relation to tendon shealth - rentinaculum STRUC, DISTRIB, FUNC

STRUC: this is another dense irregular connective tissue (remember it is holding it in place) (relationship to tendon shealth)

DISTRIB: ankles, hands (places where there are a lot of tendons)

FUNC: to hold in place, to tie the tendons down

Without retinaculum, the tendons would stick up and out!