Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Chapter 5

Subsistence strategies

ways that societies transform material resources of the environment into food, clothing, and shelter

Population density

Number of people per unit of land.

Productivity

Yield per person per unit of land.

Efficiency

Yield per person per hour of labor invested.

Foraging

includes the hunting of large and small game, fishing, and the collecting of various plant foods

Hadza

foraging society in East Africa

Pastoralism

food-getting strategy that depends on the care of domesticated herds

The Maasai

Pastoral society in East Africa

Horticulture

the production of plants using a simple, non-mechanized technology.

Swidden (slash and burn) cultivation

form of cultivation in which a field is cleared by felling trees and burning the brush, used in horiculture

The Lua'

A Horticultural Society in Southeast Asia

Agriculture

form of food production in which fields are in a permanent

peasents

people who produce for their own

family but are also integrated into large, complex state societies, most agriculturalists are peasents

Musha

Agricultural in Egypt

Industrialism

system of production dependent on investments in machinery, technology, communication, and information

California

Industrial Agriculture