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how hot or how cold an object feels
temperature
measures the speed of the molecules
temperature
exchange of energy is the definition of
heat
when two objects with different initial temperature reach……..their final temperature will be the same
thermal equilibrium
an instrument that measures and define temperature (speed of the molecules)
thermometer
in a common thermometer the physical property is the change in the
volume of liquid
the thermometer used to be called ……… because there are 100 gradations between the ice and the stem point of water
centigrade scale
freezing point and boiling point in C degree
0, 100
freezing point and boiling point in F degree
32, 212
freezing point and boiling point in K degree
+273, +373
another name for the Kelvin temperature scale is
absolute Temperature scale
the extrapolated temperature in Kelvin scale is
a temperature in which a gas would exert no pressure p = 0
Kelvin scale extrapolated temperature equals
0K
tendency of matter to change in length or volume in response to a change of temperature is
thermal expansion
limited in size and only occurs within limited temperature ranges is
thermal expansion
the change of length for example a rod is called
linear thermal expansion
types of thermal expansion
linear, volumetric
coefficient of volume expansion is…….. and the coefficient of linear expansion is……..
Beta, Alpha
Beta =
3 Alpha
if an object has a hole, the hole ……. with the object it doesn’t ………
expands, shrink
the sum of the potential energy is the
internal energy
due to energy stored in bonds and intermolecular forces between particles and kinetic energy of the molecules in a system
Internal Energy
energy that transfers due to a temperature difference is called (exchange of energy between two object that have different temperatures)
thermal energy (Heat) Q
Unit of Heat (thermal energy) Q is
joule or calorie (cal)
1 cal is equivalent to ……. joules
4.18
the energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K is called
thermal capacity (C)
Thermal capacity (C) unit is
cal / C of J/K
sand has a low thermal capacity because
it takes gets hot fast in the summer
Phases (states of matter) are
solid, liquid, gas
a transition from one phase to another
phase change
during a phase change what happens to the temperature?
doesn’t change
latent heat (L) is
the amount of heat needed to change from one phase to another without a change in temperature
The amount of heat needed to change the state of matter from solid to liquid without a change in temperature
Latent Heat of Fusion
The amount of heat needed to change the state of matter from liquid to gas without a change in temperature
latent heat of vaporization
When energy flows from higher temperature objects to lower temperature objects
Heat transfer
Conduction, conviction, radiation
Mechanism of heat transfer
Occurs within a body or between two objects in contact
Conduction
Depends on motion of mass from one space to another
Convection
Hear transferred by electromagnetic radiation, such as sunshine (light, infrared) with no need for matter to be present in space between objects
Radiation
The strongest emission comes from the ……… areas
Warmest
States that the object will approach the same temperature, and in the absence or loss to other objects, they will maintain constant temperature
The law of thermal equilibrium
