Physics 6 (temperature and heat)

how hot or how cold an object feels

temperature

measures the speed of the molecules

temperature

exchange of energy is the definition of

heat

when two objects with different initial temperature reach……..their final temperature will be the same

thermal equilibrium

an instrument that measures and define temperature (speed of the molecules)

thermometer

in a common thermometer the physical property is the change in the

volume of liquid

the thermometer used to be called ……… because there are 100 gradations between the ice and the stem point of water

centigrade scale

freezing point and boiling point in C degree

0, 100

freezing point and boiling point in F degree

32, 212

freezing point and boiling point in K degree

+273, +373

another name for the Kelvin temperature scale is

absolute Temperature scale

the extrapolated temperature in Kelvin scale is

a temperature in which a gas would exert no pressure p = 0

Kelvin scale extrapolated temperature equals

0K

tendency of matter to change in length or volume in response to a change of temperature is

thermal expansion

limited in size and only occurs within limited temperature ranges is

thermal expansion

the change of length for example a rod is called

linear thermal expansion

types of thermal expansion

linear, volumetric

coefficient of volume expansion is…….. and the coefficient of linear expansion is……..

Beta, Alpha

Beta =

3 Alpha

if an object has a hole, the hole ……. with the object it doesn’t ………

expands, shrink

the sum of the potential energy is the

internal energy

due to energy stored in bonds and intermolecular forces between particles and kinetic energy of the molecules in a system

Internal Energy

energy that transfers due to a temperature difference is called (exchange of energy between two object that have different temperatures)

thermal energy (Heat) Q

Unit of Heat (thermal energy) Q is

joule or calorie (cal)

1 cal is equivalent to ……. joules

4.18

the energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1K is called

thermal capacity (C)

Thermal capacity (C) unit is

cal / C of J/K

sand has a low thermal capacity because

it takes gets hot fast in the summer

Phases (states of matter) are

solid, liquid, gas

a transition from one phase to another

phase change

during a phase change what happens to the temperature?

doesn’t change

latent heat (L) is

the amount of heat needed to change from one phase to another without a change in temperature

The amount of heat needed to change the state of matter from solid to liquid without a change in temperature

Latent Heat of Fusion

The amount of heat needed to change the state of matter from liquid to gas without a change in temperature

latent heat of vaporization

When energy flows from higher temperature objects to lower temperature objects

Heat transfer

Conduction, conviction, radiation

Mechanism of heat transfer

Occurs within a body or between two objects in contact

Conduction

Depends on motion of mass from one space to another

Convection

Hear transferred by electromagnetic radiation, such as sunshine (light, infrared) with no need for matter to be present in space between objects

Radiation

The strongest emission comes from the ……… areas

Warmest

States that the object will approach the same temperature, and in the absence or loss to other objects, they will maintain constant temperature

The law of thermal equilibrium