post modernists 5

borden

skaters

• this ysc is made up of people who share the same interest in skating

• their lifestyles include brands like DC’s, vans air walks, listening to indie hiphop music, and graffiti art

• they’re loosely associated (differing in age, class etc)

• low commitment

• status was gained through skating ability

• this Neo-tribe is an example on how ysc have changed from being based on sc, gender, ethnicity as well as a change from being based on rebellion, resistance to capitalism, patriarchy, racism

muggleton

contemporary subcultures are no longer as politically motivated either

used semi-structured interviews as a method of research with 43 male and 14 female young people in Preston and Brighton

• very few identified with a distinct subculture

• instead said they were ‘punnkish’ instead of punk

• most wanted to stand out and be different or be seen as individual so they weren’t looking for affiliation to any one group

• ‘freedom of expression

• found less clearly defined boundaries between members

• weaker sense of commitment

• greater varieties in styles adopted within the group

• greater emphasis on self than belief

back

new hybrid identities were emerging among young people whites asians and blacks in 2 council estates in south London

• they were in a transitional stage where they have the freedom and opportunity to construct new identities

• their culture was not fixed traditions so they try out new cultural ideas, styles meanings and symbols in all sort of unexpected ways

• saw inter-racial friendships and a great deal of culture borrowing from other groups such as language and arrest in Regge hip hop, rap and house

• new words have entered our vocabulary like init which is a combo of Hindi and English

• allow it which is Jamaican and English sometimes called jafican

• these new identities blue the divide lines of ethnic groups

nayak

white wannabes

• some young white wc males try and adopt the styles and language of black culture

• wiggers and wangstas

• they listen to hip hop/gangsta rap

• wear clothing associated with young black male culture

• eminem and professor green are examples in the music industry

thornton

Blackman

katz

thrill of misbehaviour

pleasure of transgression

break with routine

deviance is impulsive, seductive and sensual

he links deviant activity to pleasure called it the sexual metaphor

suggesting that when youth shoplift their pulses rate and they feel excited, they get a rush of adrenaline just like a sexual experience

‘the experience was almost orgasmic for me’

• ludic metaphor = its like a game, when gang members spend a lot of time gaining strategic advances over enemy where the goal is to win the territory

• religious metaphors as well deviance is driven by a desire to create symbolic meaning or ruining something sacred = keeping trinkets from their crimes that have no value but gain status or meaning in a gang when shared eg tv show trinkets

Manchester institute of popular culture

carried out research into club culture and raves in the 80s and 90s and the role of the media

• social media allowed ppl to know where raves were happening and what was cool

• also created subcultural capital- Thornton meaning that knowing about what was in and what was out in the club scene and gaining status from mainstream follows of music

• the media creates and maintains this authenticity is integral and undermines the role of choice and individuals

polhemus

super market of style

• youth styles are fluid and they change choose for a range of different fashions, music tastes, identities in the same way people choose different brands at the supermarket

• infinite choice which leads to the blending and rehashing of styles eg: ppl no longer goth of punk but a hybrid version

• this could be because of incorporation and the way the media advertises brands for young ppl to choose from

thornton

youth now take an individualised approach to style and identity and are now more likely to make decisions which vary form each other

• youth styles are fluid and young ppl have infinite choice in fashion, music and identities

• studied clubbing culture where people use a pic n mix style

• choosing random elements and making a mis-matched identity

• the only thing that brought the ravers together was their taste in music