phonological, semantic and syntactic patterning

phonological patterning examples

• onomatopoeia

• assonance

• consonance

• rhythm

• rhyme

onomatopoeia

• words that are spelt to create sound when they are pronounced aloud

  • derp - onomatopoeic expression of someone’s silly behaviour

  • phew - a sound that we associate with the feeling of relief

  • whack - Australians talk about whacking a cricket ball to mimic the sound of the ball hitting the bat.

assonance

• words close together repeat the same vowel sounds in the middle of the words

  • lovey dovey - meany “mushy”

  • fancy-schmancy - meaning “posh”

  • easy-peasy - meaning something that is easy to do

consonance

• the repetition of consonant sounds in the middle of a word. Brings a flow, harmony and rhythm to spoken words

  • Waltzing Matilda, Waltzing Matilda I still call Australia home

rhythm

• a pattern or “beat” to discourse.

• Rhythm is an important part of human communication. It helps us recognise the sound patterns in words which gives meaning to sentence

rhyme

rhyming slang started in the 1850s but has cerainly carried over to current australian english

semantic patterning definition and examples

• semantic patterning creates images in out minds, playfulness and humor with words. Semantic patterning can also provide expressive way of communicating emotion. There are often cultural and colloquial forms of semantic patterning

  • figurative langauge

  • irony

  • similie

  • hyberbole

  • lexical ambiguity

  • animation

  • metaphor

  • personification

  • oxymoron

  • puns

figurative language

• descriptive language that creates vivid imagery

  • hes got a kangaroo loose in the top paddock - creates the imagery of kangaroos going wild in nature. This idiom means that someone is ecccentric or crazy

irony

• when we express an idea about a situation thats the opposite of whats happening in reality. Used to create humor

  • what a beautiful day - when there is rain outside

similie

• comparing two things “like” or “as”

  • “he looked like a stunned mullet” Comparing a persons facial expression to a fish thats been hit on the head and stunned. Someone is showing shock.

hyberole

• exaggeration to create emotion or humor

  • “i’m so hungry i could eat a horse”

lexical ambiguity

• a word or phrase has more that one possible meaning so needs to be interpreted by a listener or reader by understanding the context

  • green can have more than one meaning, and depends on the context of information around the word to determine the meaning

  • “we are a green business” - environmentally friendly

  • “colour the leaves in green” - colour

  • “she is green to the job” - new, innocent, naive.

animation

• giving movement to an in-animate object

  • “The stone flew across the room” Stones are inanimate objects that have no natural movement of their own

metaphor

• comparing two things using is or are

  • “he’s a few sandwiches short of a picnic” Comparison of person to a picnic, and if a few sandwiches short, means the person isn’t al there, there is something missing

personification

• giving a non-human object the qualities of a human

  • “A boxing kangaroo” - kangaroos dont box for sport like humans, but the comparison helps people understand how kangaroos defend themselves with their paws

oxymoron

• two words next to each other that mean the opposite of one another

  • honest politician

pun

• a play on words, often for humorous or rhetorical effect, by using a word in such a way as to suggest two or more interpretations or meanings

  • What do you get if you cross a sheep and a kangaroo? A wooly hopper

syntactic patterning

• the use of repeated or parallel structures in langauge, creating a patterned effect in writing or speech

  • listing

  • antithesis

  • parrallelism

listing

• repetition of a list of things

  • Mum, I’ve got to go to camp and I need to buy shoes, snacks and gloves

antithesis

• speaking the opposite about something in the same sentence

  • did ou see how beautiful the art was? Sideeye…

  • You went to the concert last night? No you didn’t

parallelism

• repeating the same structure, clause or phrase one after the other

  • Speaker 1: She would reach out to people that we knew

  • Speaker 2: And check in

  • Speaker 1: And check in and she would get like these you would hear right you’d hear oh hes doing so well and she would be so pisssed off because shes like hes not doing well, without me.