GES 500: Engineering Statistics - Key Concepts

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These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions in engineering statistics as taught in the GES 500 course.

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15 Terms

1
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Difference between deterministic and stochastic phenomena

Deterministic phenomena produce consistent results under the same conditions, whereas stochastic phenomena show variability and unpredictability.

2
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Define descriptive statistics.

Descriptive statistics involves methods for summarizing and describing important features of a data set.

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What is inferential statistics?

Inferential statistics allows us to make conclusions about a population based on sample data.

4
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What is a population in statistics?

A population is the entire collection of objects or outcomes about which data are collected.

5
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What is a sample?

A sample is a subset of the population, selected for observation and data collection.

6
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What does the term 'empirical model' refer to?

An empirical model relates variables of interest based on the analysis of observational data.

7
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Explain the purpose of data analysis.

The purpose of data analysis is to derive numerical measures of location, variability, and relationships in data.

8
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What does 'mean' refer to in data analysis?

The mean is the average value of a sample, calculated as the sum of all values divided by the number of observations.

9
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What is a boxplot?

A boxplot visually represents the distribution of a data set, highlighting the median, quartiles, and potential outliers.

10
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What is the significance of the correlation coefficient in statistics?

The correlation coefficient quantifies the degree of linear relationship between two variables.

11
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Define the term 'outlier'.

An outlier is an observation that lies at an abnormal distance from other values in a sample.

12
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What is a factorial experiment?

A factorial experiment allows the study of multiple factors by observing their effects across all possible combinations of values.

13
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What does a scatter plot represent?

A scatter plot shows the relationship between two quantitative variables, displaying individual data points on a Cartesian plane.

14
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What rule is used to identify outliers based on the fourth spread?

Outliers are identified as points that lie more than 1.5 times the fourth spread from the quartiles.

15
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What is the relationship between probability theory and inferential statistics?

Probability theory underpins inferential statistics by providing methods of estimating uncertainty in predictions from samples.