EMT set, Pearson Emergency Care 14th edition Limmer, O'Keefe

Hepatitis (Hepatitis B especially)

What disease can survive for many days in dried blood

Always wash hands

Should you wash your hands or use an alcohol based cleanser if hands are soiled

True

T or F? Airborne pathogens can be absorbed through the mucous membrane of the eyes

Assume TB (take necessary respiratory precautions)

If a patient has a cough

AIDS, HIV

_____ is a set of conditions due to immune system attack from ____

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Which virus survives poorly outside the body and infections result in <1% of contact

MERS and SARS

2 severe respiratory illnesses

Employees receive training, PPE, and vaccinations

Joint responsibility of employers and employees for blood-borne pathogens under OSHA

False

T or F? If you had an expected exposure incident but no symptoms, you don't have to report the exposure

Ryan White CARE Act

A federal act that establishes procedures by which emergency response workers can find out if they have been exposed to life-threatening infectious diseases.

True

T or F? You are required to wear an N-95 mask when there is suspected TB or performing a high risk procedure

In place of a parent

Child care providers or school authority may act in loco parentis, what is in loco parentis?

Assault and battery

Subjecting patients to unwanted care and transport constitutes what charge

Proximate causation

Term for when the damages to a patient were the result of action or inaction by the EMT

Tort

Term for an action or injury caused by negligence from which a lawsuit may arise

Res Ipsa Loquitur

The thing speaks for itself

False

T or F? If a patient has a tattoo of a medical condition, you should not regard it as a medical identification device

Away from

What does the prefix "ab-" mean

Toward or near

What does the prefix "ad-" mean

Around

What does the prefix "Peri-" mean, example: pericardium

Vomiting

What does the suffix "-emesis" mean, example: hematemesis

Breathing

What does the suffix "-pnea" mean, example: dyspnea

Pain

What does the suffix "-algia" mean, example: myalgia

Difficult or painful

What does the prefix "dys-" mean, example: dyspnea

Midaxillary line

The line that extends vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

Midclavicular lines

Lines that runs through the center of each clavicle (2 of them)

Prone

A position in which the patient is lying face down

Cranium

Include the top, back, and sides of the skull

Endocrine system

Regulate metabolic/hormonal activities of the body

Lymphatic system

Help maintain the fluid balance of body and contributes to immune system

Maxillae

Fused bone of the upper jaw

Zygomatic arches

Forms the structures of the cheek

33

How many vertebrae are in the spinal column

Cervical

Car crashes frequently cause injuries to what division of the spine? (control muscles for breathing)

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

The three parts of a sternum are

Tibia, fibula

The _____ is the medial and larger shin bone, the ____ is the lateral smaller bone

Malleolus (plural malleoli)

The protrusion that is on either side of the ankle

Acromion process, acromioclavicular joint

The ____ is the highest portion of the shoulder and forms the ____ with the clavicle (frequent area of shoulder injury)

Automaticity

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct impulses on its own

Oropharynx and nasopharynx

The pharynx includes these two subdivisions

Cricoid cartilage

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

Ventilation

Movement of gases to and from the alveoli

True

T or F? When they have difficulty breathing, infants and children rely more on the diagram, causing a see saw breathing pattern

False (it is the movement of gases and nutrients between cells and the blood)

T or F? Respiration is the movement of gas to and from the alveoli

Carotid arteries

The large arteries on each side of the neck that carries blood to the head

Femoral artery

This artery's pulsation can be felt at the crease of the abdomen and groid

Radial artery

Artery that can be felt on the anterior, lateral side of the wrist

Posterior tibial artery

Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

Dorsalis pedis artery

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

Venule

The smallest kind of vein

Arteriole

The smallest kind of artery

Central pulses

The carotid and femoral pulses, stronger than the peripheral pulses

Hypoperfusion or shock

Inadequate circulation to one or more body structures

Acidosis (body is more acidotic)

Anaerobic respiration leads to a build up of waste products causing...

V/Q match (ventilation/perfusion match)

Coupling of a sufficient amount of sufficient amount of air with a sufficient amount of blood

Lymph nodes

What part of the lymphatic system filters lymphatic fluid and make lymphocytes and other infection fighting cells.

Pancreas

Creates insulin and secretes juices that break down macromolecules

Dermis

Layer of the skin full of blood vessels, nerves, and specialized structures such as sweat glands

Subcutaneous layers

Layers of fat and soft tissue below the dermis

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Neurotransmitter that engages sympathetic nervous system (aka adrenaline)

Kidneys

Organ that produces bicarbonate, an important buffer (organ also filters urea)

False

T or F? Acidotic states increase hemoglobin's attraction to oxygen

Medulla oblongata and hypothalamus

These 2 brain structures receive sensory input to recognize increased CO2 levels, hypoxia, and bloodloss

parasympathetic

If a medication causes vasodilation, slows heart rate, and constricts bronchi, it engages which nervous system

FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen)

Term for the concentration of oxygen in the air we breath

Tidal volume, minute volume

____ is the volume of air move in a breath, and ____ is the tidal volume x respiratory rate

Dead air space

Air in the space between the mouth and alveoli that does not reach gas exchange

Medulla oblongata

Part of the brain that has respiratory control, (disorder, narcotics, or spinal cord injuries interfere with respiratory control)

Active, passive

Inhalation is an _____ process, exhalation is a _____ process

True

T or F? If blood or air gets in the pleural space, then the lungs can collapse

Hypoxia

Low oxygen

Hypoxia and hypercalcemia

The net result of a respiratory dysfunction (in terms of gasses)

Chemoreceptors

Specific receptors that register hypoxia and hypercalcemia

Plasma oncotic pressure

The pull exerted by large proteins in blood plasma that tends to pull water from the body to bloodstream

Hydrostatic pressure

The pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out the vessel

Constrict

If blood pressure falls stretch receptors send signals for the blood vessels to dilate or constrict?

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

The pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system

Cardiac output

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)

True

T or F? If the heart rate increases and the ventricles have less time to fill, then the stroke volume will decrease

Stroke volume

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

False

T or F? Pediatric hearts have greater contractive strength

Distributive shock

A type of shock where blood vessel tone is lost

Obstructive shock

A type of shock where blood is physically prevented from flowing

Diaphoresis

A sign on compensated shock where the skin is sweaty, cool, and pale

The vocal chords

What structure makes up the glottic opening?

Laryngopharynx

Another name for the hypopharynx, divides between upper and lower airway

Lower

The cricoid cartilage forms the ____ (upper/lower) aspect of the larynx

True

T or F? All the air passages are supported by cartilage and lined with smooth muscles

Through their nose

Do newborns and infants typically breath through their mouth or nose?

Bronchoconstriction

Contraction of smooth muscles that line the bronchial passages, results in a smaller diameter and greater resistance to airflow

Stridor

A high pitched sound from a partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway

Suctioning

Gurgling is a sign that immediate ____ is necessary

Children

_____(children/adults) may experience retractions, which is the pulling of the muscles above the clavicles and between and below the ribs when there is an inadequate airway

False

T or F? Spine injuries must have priority over airway and breathing

Head-elevated, sniffing position

An optimal airway position

Severe chocking

If the patient has no signs of air movement and is being grabby and fearful without coughing and gasping, what type of choking are they experiencing

Over the sternum

If you want to perform abdominal thrusts around a pregnant patient where should you put your hands around?

True

T or F? In infants, the oropharyngeal airway (OPA) does not need to be rotated upon insertion

True

T or F? Nasopharyngeal airways can be used on patients with reduced levels of responsiveness with a gag reflex.

Basilar skull fracture

What injury should be considered before inserting an NPA (signs include severe facial trauma and/or cerebral spinal fluid leaking out of ears and nose)