western civ unit test

Greek geography

water separated greece creating many islands and independent city states. there were very extensive mountaint ranges.

Decentralization

it separated the oiwer amoung the different city-states. created polytheism which is the belif in many gods.

centralization

they beleived in one god and they had one ruler. they were a very uniform country they beleived in one god.

Homer 

Homer was a greek poet- responsible for odyssey and lliad odyssey was the trip back from the trojan war and lliad was the trojan war. united the greeks because they all lived by it. 

arete

acheiving axellence or greatness

hubris

havinh excessive pride after acheiving arete.

ergon

had to be gained with arete. meant that a person has to fuffil a certain purpose. 

Polis

A collection of many independent communities or city states also known as poleis 

agora vs acropolis

agora was below the acropolis. agora was an open market place while an acropolis was a fortified hilltop which gave protection during war. 

monarchy/tyrants

rule by isingle king, tyrants who took control from aristocrats.

oligarchy

rule by a small group of people

direct democracy

citezins make decisions for themselves

representative democracy

citezins elect representatives to make descisioes for them.

solon

reformed laws: ended debt slavery: allowed more citezins to take part in government. 

Cleithenes

Created the council of 500: gave ordinary citezins a direct role in decision-making 

pericles

expanded democracy by paying officials and jurors made it possible for poor citezins to serve in givernment. 

golden age of athens

art, drama, architecture, philsophy, liberal arts it was the height of ideas and culture comfortable and has a lot of new goods philosophy comes with a peaceful society. 

phlanx

helots/slaves

persian war causes

revolt by greek ionians

battle of marathon

proved greekes could beat persians (athens)

delian league

alliance of greek city states

significance of the delian league

greeks beat the persians giving them confidence

peloponnesian war

greeks fought against eachother (sparta won but both were devistated with the outcome leading to the dismantling of the Athenian Empire and the end of Athenian naval and political dominance in Greece)

classical greece

gave us philosphy, democracy, art, archetecture, and culture.

philosophy

philo-love

sophia-wisom

seek knowledge about the world, then apply that knowledge to live a better life

socrates

Asked questions

challenged people to think harder 

explained the world with goals or myths, then they use real thinking and evidence 

alegory of the cave

a philosophical metaphor describing prisoners chained in a cave, who mistake shadows cast by objects behind a fire for reality

aristotle

theory of happiness- health,wealth, friendship, knowledge, virtue

goldne mean- virtues are a balance between teo extremes. 

epicurus

an ancient Greek philosopher who taught that the highest goal of life is happiness, which he defined as a state of ataraxia (tranquility and freedom from fear) and aponia (absence of bodily pain)

zeno 

Zeno of Elea (c. 490–430 BCE), known for his famous paradoxes that questioned motion and plurality, and Zeno of Citium (c. 335–263 BCE), the founder of Stoic philosophy 

philip of macedonia

alexander thhe greats father. king of macedonia goal to conquor persia 

alexander the great

military conquorer

cultural diffusian 

hellenism

a blend of greek, persian and egyptian cultures that develope after alexanders conquests

alexandria

center of learning, trade, and cultures people from different back grounds shared ideas