medical science respiratory system

primary functions

-exchange gasses

-produce vocal sounds

-sense of smell

-regulate pH

external respiration

air enters the lungs, gas is exchanged with blood cells (air —> blood)

internal respiration

blood travels to body parts and exchanges gas with those tissues ( blood —> tissues)

why do we need oxygen?

cellular respiration

upper respiratory tract

nose, nasal cavity, sinuses,pharynx

lower respiratory tract

larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

the nose

-supported by bones and cartilage

-two openings ( nostril)

-passage way for air filters large particles and warms air

Nasal cavity

Hollow space between the nose (bone)

Deviated septum

When the septum bones are to one side resulting in the nose being crooked

Nasal concha (turbinates)

-bones that divide the nasal cavity, superior,middle,inferior

-support the mucas membrane

-increase surface area heat and moisture

Mucus membrane (mucosa)

-epithelilial tissue

-warms and moistens air

-produces mucus- traps dust

-cilia moves particles out

Paranasal sinuses

-spaces within bones

• reduces the weight of skull

• voice enhancement

• produced mucus to moisten nose

Maxillary

Cheek

Frontal

Lower center of forehead

Ethmoid

Between eyes

Sphenoid

Behind nose

Pharynx (throat)

-behind the oral cavity,between the nasal cavity and larynx

-space, not a structure

Larynx (voice box)

-top of trachea

Vocal cords

Short section of muscle tissue and cartilage containing elastic fold of tissue

Vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

Beyond the vocal cords

• help to close the larynx to prevent food from entering the respiratory system

Thyroid cartilage

Protects the larynx (Adams apple)

Cricoids

Lower part of larynx,top of trachea

Vocal cords

Change the sound of your voice in several ways

• volume: pushing more air through the vocal cords

• pitch: changing the tension and thickness of the vocal cords ( this naturally changes as children grow)

• articulation: the use of tongue, lips, mouth, anf teeth to produce sounds

Glottis

Triangular slit that opens during breathing/talking and closes during swallowing

Epiglottis

Cartilage that closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering airway

Trachea

-made up of cartilaginous rings (hyalire cartilage)

• prevent the trachea from collapsing, while the tissue between them maintains the flexibility of the neck

• mucous membrane collects dust and foreign particles which are moved to the pharynx and swallowed

  -lead to bronchial tree

Bronchi

-just behind the heart, the trachea divides in 2 bronchi (singular:bronchi)

-the bronchi branch into bronchides, which are smaller tubes

Alveoli

-smaller tubes continue to branch off in the bronchioles until they reach tiny air sacs caller alveoli

Pleural cavity

Fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs

Right lung

3 lobes

Left lung

Cardiac notch: space for heart

Lungs

Serous fluid lubricates lungs during breathing