Health Promotion, Wellness, and Disease Prevention

Flashcards about health promotion, wellness, and disease prevention.

What is health in the context of the lecture?

Health is the presence or absence of disease, encompassing physical, mental, and social well-being. It includes the ability to maintain normal roles and aims for optimal functioning, with a highly individual perception. Health outcomes result from health promotion and disease prevention measures.

What is Wellness?

Wellness is a state of well-being, a dynamic, growing process involving nutrition, stress management, physical fitness, preventive health care, and emotional health. It represents a positive state of health.

Define illness as discussed in the lecture.

Illness occurs when physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished. It is not synonymous with disease and may or may not be related to a disease. Only the individual can declare if they are ill.

Describe acute illness vs chronic illness.

Acute illness is of short duration, with most people returning to their normal level of wellness. Chronic illness has a slow onset, lasts for 6 months or longer, and may involve periods of remission and exacerbation.

What is a disease?

Disease is an alteration in body function, leading to a reduction of capacities or shortening of the normal lifespan. Etiology refers to the causation of disease.

Explain the Clinical Model of Health.

The clinical model defines health as the absence of disease or injury, representing the narrowest interpretation of health. It equates to not being 'sick.'

Explain the adaptive model of health.

Good health is flexible adaptation to the environment. The goal is to restore the ability to cope with changing conditions. Ailment is a failure in that adaptation.

What is the primary goal of health promotion and disease prevention?

Health promotion activities focus on improving health, whereas health protection activities focus on reducing the risk of disease.

What are the roles of the nurse related to patient illness?

The Nurse helps clients and families adjust their lifestyles to illness.

List the 4 aspects of Parson's Sick Role.

Right to not be held responsible for their condition, Right to be excused from certain social roles & tasks, obligation to try to get well as quickly as possible, and obligation to seek competent help.

What is health promotion?

Health promotion enhances people’s influence over and improvement of their health. It addresses physical and social situations that cause poor health, focusing on the individual's motivation for behaviour change.

What is disease prevention?

Disease prevention involves primary and secondary preventive measures aimed at reducing the burden of disease and associated risk factors. It requires awareness of the relationship between lifestyle and health, and is influenced by beliefs and values.

Explain the total care context in nursing.

Total care context involves principles that are general to all patients of the same age & condition, and individualized care principles that apply to the individual at the present time. Holistic Approach.

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is a state of equilibrium.

Describe psychological homeostasis.

Psychological Homeostasis is an emotional/psychological balance/state of well being.

Describe physiological homeostasis.

Physiological Homeostasis- internal environment of body is relatively stable.

Describe primary prevention.

It includes Health Promotion & Protection; positive Motivation; Behavior motivated by desire to increase well-being & actualize human health potential.

Describe secondary prevention.

Early Identification of health problems & treatment. Involves the detection and treatment of preclinical changes to reduce the impact of disease or injury and limit disability.

Describe tertiary prevention.

Rehab & restoration. Aims to reverse, minimize, or delay the effects of a disease or disability.

Name the 5 levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

physiological; safety/security; love & belonging; self-esteem; self actualization

What is Health Communication?

It requires verbal & written approaches to control, inspire, and make healthier choices for people, groups, and societies. Promotes positive attitudes & behaviors.

What are health belief models?

Models help determine whether individual is likely to participate in disease prevention & health promotion activities

What are modifiable risk factors?

Modifiable risk factors are behaviors and exposures that can raise or lower a person’s risk & measures that can be taken to reduce that risk.

What are nonmodifiable risk factors?

Nonmodifiable risk factors are conditions that increase the risk of developing a disease. Nonmodifiable factors include genetics, ethnicity/race, age, and family health history.

Name internal and external variables that influence personal health.

Internal: Biologic dimension, Psychologic dimension, Cognitive dimension, Spiritual & religious beliefs. External: Environment, Standards of living, Family & cultural beliefs

What is necessary for a nurse action plan?

Nurse Plan/Action Plan based on needs, desires & priorities of the client.

What does the nurse assess?

Health history & physical examination, Nutritional assessment, Physical fitness assessment, Lifestyle assessment, Spiritual health assessment.

What is the nurse's role in health promotion?

Model healthy lifestyle, Facilitate client involvement, Assist individuals, families & communities to increase levels of health, Educate clients to be effective health care consumers, Assist clients to develop & choose health-promoting options, Demonstrate Caring; Positive reinforcement; reinforce teaching; establish

What are the nurse's teaching strategies for health promotion?

Learning experiences designed to improve the health of an individual or community through increased knowledge or by influencing attitudes. Strategies include notifying individuals or groups of their risk, benefits, behaviors that need to be changed, and the tools needed to make such changes.

List the stages of health behavior change.

Precontemplation stage, Contemplation stage, Preparation stage, Action stage, Maintenance stage

List factors that affect adherence.

Client Motivation to become well, Degree of lifestyle change necessary, Perceived severity of the health care problem, Value places on reducing the threat of illness, Ability to understand & perform specific behaviors.

Name the 5 broad categories for Social Determinants of Health.

Genetics, Behavior, Environmental and physical influences, Medical care, Social factors

What influences public health policies?

Institutions, interests, and ideas.

What are the goals of Healthy People Initiatives?

National health promotion & disease prevention objectives developed every ten years to improve the health of all Americans.

What action should clinicians engage in, in order to maintain emotional well-being?

Self-care practices