Types of Joints, and Skeletal system (axial)

Joints

unions or junctions between two or more bones or rigid parts of bones

Ligaments

connective tissue that connects bone to bone

fibrous joints

• Bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen fiber

• No synovial cavity (i.e. space between articulating bones)

sutures

• Fibrous joint comprised of dense irregular connective tissue.

• Immovable joint (adults)

interosseous membrane

• Fibrous joint with a substantial sheet of dense irregular connective tissue connecting neighboring long bones

• permits slight movement

cartilaginous joint

• No synovial cavity

• Bones are held by a cartilage

• Permits little to no movement

synovial joint

connected by dense connective tissue of an articular capsule and accessory ligaments

fibrous membrane

ARTICULAR CAPSULE (Joint capsule) - attached to periosteum

ligaments

ARTICULAR CAPSULE (Joint capsule) - within the synovial cavity

synovial membrane

ARTICULAR CAPSULE (Joint capsule) - accumulation of articular fat pads and connective tissue

synovial fluid

ARTICULAR CAPSULE (Joint capsule) - hyaluronic acid which functions as lubrication for joints and contributes to shock absorbing capacity

axial skeletal system

• situated around, in the direction of, on, or along an axis

• longitudinal axis

skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, thorax, vertebral column

5 bones of the axial skeletal system

frontal bone

purple part

parietal bones

pink part

temporal bones

green part

occipital bones

gray part

sphenoid bone

blue part

ethmoid bones

yellow part

foramen magnum

Features of occipital bone - inferior part which is the passageway connecting medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. It also contains spinal arteries and accessory nerves

occipital condyles

Features of occipital bone -

• convex surface (paired)

• articulates with the 1st cervical vertebra (atlas) to form the atlantooccipital joint (action: nod)

external occipital protruberance

prominent bump at the posterior head, above the neck

Nasal

green part

lacrimal

cyan part

palatine

located at the back of the nasal cavity

inferior nasal conchae

red

vomer

dark blue part

maxillae

orange part

zygomatic

purplish pink part

mandible

light blue part

7

no. of cervical vertebrae

12

no. of thoracic vertebrae

5

no. of lumbar vertebrae

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

name of bones on the vertebral column

vertebral body

red part

vertebral arch

blue part

spinous process

orange part

laminae

purple part - posterior junction

articular process

yellow part

pedicles

green part - posterior projections

transverse process

red part

vertebral foramen

that empty space in the middle

cartilaginous intervetebral disc

space in between the spines

Atlas

• C1

• ring

• articulates at the occipital condyle at the occipital bone

• forms atlanto-occipital joint allows "yes" movement

• lacks body and spinous process

axis

• C2

• has a vertebral body

• dens or odontoid process - peglike structure

• Permits head rotation

vertebra prominens

• C7

• non-bifid spinous process

• seen and felt at the base of the neck

bifid spinous process

• the spinous process bifurcates at its distal end.

• only C2-C6 have it

costal facets

articular surface for ribs

vetebrocostal joints

articulations between thoracic vertebrae and ribs

sacral promontory

SACRUM - projecting border of the base

sacral foramen

SACRUM - contains nerves and blood vessels

base and apex

SACRUM - superior and inferior

sacroiliac joint

• aurical surface

• connects with Ilium of each hip bone

lumbosacral joint

• base of sacrum and L5

• superior articular process of sacrum and inferior articular process of L5

sacral cornu

• connects to coccyx

sternum

• Also known as breastbone

• Flat, narrow bone

• Anterior thoracic wall

manubrium

STERNUM - superior part

body

STERNUM - middle and largest part

xiphoid process

STERNUM - inferior and smallest part

sternal angle

STERNUM - junction of manubrium and body

suprasternal notch

STERNUM - superior depression

sternoclavicular joints, sternocostal joints

STERNUM - articulations