The Enlightenment

Enlightenment

A philosophical movement that began in Western Europe in the 18th century, emphasizing the use of reason over tradition to solve social problems.

Thomas Hobbes

Believed that people could not govern themselves and that a monarch with absolute power would best protect life.

John Locke

Argued for natural rights (life, liberty, property) that are granted by God and must be protected by the government.

Charles de Montesquieu

Advocated for the separation of powers into three branches of government with checks and balances.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Believed people are born good but are corrupted by society and should act for the greater good.

Voltaire

Advocated for rationality and freedom of thought, speech, religion, and politics.

Denis Diderot

Criticized divine right, traditional values, and religion and advocated for freedom of expression and universal access to education.