Articulations and Joint Movements Review

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to articulations, joint types, movements, and joint-related diseases.

Articulation

Meeting place of two or more bones.

Range of motion

The normal extent of mobility for a specific joint movement.

Degrees of freedom

Number of axes at which movement in a joint occurs.

Synarthroses

Immovable joints that are tightly held together.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joints.

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joints, also known as synovial joints.

Fibrous Joints

Joints with no synovial cavity, held together by dense irregular connective tissue.

Cartilaginous Joints

Joints with no synovial cavity, held together by cartilage.

Synovial Joints

Joints with a synovial cavity, united by dense irregular connective tissue.

Hinge Joint

A joint where a concave surface articulates with a convex surface, allowing movement in one direction.

Pivot Joint

A cylindrical shape rotates within a ring of bone or ligament.

Condyloid Joint

A joint where an ovoid-shaped process articulates with a shallow cavity, allowing movement in two directions.

Saddle Joint

A joint that allows movement similar to condyloid joints but with distinct bone shapes.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A joint where a spherical surface articulates with a cup-shaped socket, allowing free movement in any direction.

Flexion

Movement that decreases the joint angle.

Extension

Movement that increases the joint angle.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline.

Adduction

Movement towards the midline.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that decreases the joint angle by moving the foot upwards.

Plantarflexion

Movement that increases the joint angle by moving the foot downwards.

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa due to overuse or injury.

Osteoarthritis

Chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the wear and tear of articular cartilage.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disease that attacks joints, leading to inflammation and swelling.

Articulation

Meeting place of two or more bones.

Range of motion

The normal extent of mobility for a specific joint movement.

Degrees of freedom

Number of axes at which movement in a joint occurs.

Synarthroses

Immovable joints that are tightly held together.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joints.

Diarthrosis

Freely movable joints, also known as synovial joints.

Fibrous Joints

Joints with no synovial cavity, held together by dense irregular connective tissue.

Cartilaginous Joints

Joints with no synovial cavity, held together by cartilage.

Synovial Joints

Joints with a synovial cavity, united by dense irregular connective tissue.

Hinge Joint

A joint where a concave surface articulates with a convex surface, allowing movement in one direction.

Pivot Joint

A cylindrical shape rotates within a ring of bone or ligament.

Condyloid Joint

A joint where an ovoid-shaped process articulates with a shallow cavity, allowing movement in two directions.

Saddle Joint

A joint that allows movement similar to condyloid joints but with distinct bone shapes.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A joint where a spherical surface articulates with a cup-shaped socket, allowing free movement in any direction.

Flexion

Movement that decreases the joint angle.

Extension

Movement that increases the joint angle.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline.

Adduction

Movement towards the midline.

Dorsiflexion

Movement that decreases the joint angle by moving the foot upwards.

Plantarflexion

Movement that increases the joint angle by moving the foot downwards.

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa due to overuse or injury.

Osteoarthritis

Chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the wear and tear of articular cartilage.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disease that attacks joints, leading to inflammation and swelling.

Eversion

Movement of the sole of the foot laterally.

Inversion

Movement of the sole of the foot medially.

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly.

Supination

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly.

Circumduction

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, creating a circular movement.

Example of a Hinge Joint

The elbow or knee joint.

Example of a Pivot Joint

The atlanto-axial joint (between C1 and C2 vertebrae) or the radioulnar joint.

Example of a Condyloid Joint

The wrist joint (radiocarpal joint).

Example of a Saddle Joint

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

Example of a Ball-and-Socket Joint

The shoulder or hip joint.