Greek Mythology

food of the gods

ambrosia

drink of the gods

nectar

personification of earth

Gaea

mountain home of gods

Mt. Olympus

name of 12 major gods

Olympians

word derived from "all" and "gods"

Pantheon

spirits of woods, trees, rivers, springs, caves, mtns

nymphs

2 Greek gods of fire--one friendly(hearth) and one unfriendly

Hestia/Hephaestus

physically imperfect god

Hephaestus

patron goddesses of the arts

muses

Gorgon who was mortal

Medusa

Maia and Zeus' son: shortly after birth created lyre

Hermes

goddess who threatened barren Earth if daughter not returned

Demeter

goddess of love and beauty

Aphrodite

god of light, sun, poetry, music, medicine, prophecy, arts

Apollo

god of war

Ares

goddess of moon, hunting, wild animals, childbirth, chastity

Artemis

goddess of wisdom, war, handicrafts, liberal arts

Athene

god of healing and medicine

Asclepius

goddess of Earth, agriculture, fertility, grain, harvest

Demeter

god of fertility, wine, revelry, theater

Dionysus

goddess of dawn

Eos

god of love

Eros

god of underworld

Hades

god of fire, forge, metal working

Hephaestus

queen of gods, goddess of marriage

Hera

god of invention, science, commerce, protector of travelers, thieves, gamblers

Hermes

goddess of hearth

Hestia

god of nature, fields, forests, hunters, shepherds, flocks & rustic life

Pan

goddess of the underworld

Persephone

god of sea, earthquakes, and horses

Poseidon

king of gods

Zeus

Greek poet other than Homer-- he wrote about the origins of gods

Hesiod

original empty void that existed before creation

chaos

another name for Gaea

Mother Earth

lowest region of underworld

Tartarus

son of aphrodite, created physical attraction b/t ppl

Eros

offspring of uranus and GAea with only one eye in middle of forehead

Cyclopes

offspring of uranus and gaea who were enormous beings, ruled before the gods

Titans

Titanness who was goddess of remembrance

Mnemosyne

vengeful creatures, hideous old women in charge of eternal punishiment

furies

youngest offspring of Cronus-- escaped being swallowed by Cronus and overthrew him

Zeus

other 5 children of Cronus

Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Demeter

Rhea's method of preventing Cronus from swallowing the youngest offspring(Zeus)

disguised a rock by wrapping it in a blanket

giants freed by Zeus who produced his lightening bolts and helped him defeat Cronus

Cyclopes

Titan condemned to hold up the heavens

Atlas

3 Olympians who divided the universe among themselves & their respective regions

Zeus, Hades, Poseidon

gift given to Hades by Cyclopes

invisible helmet

gift given to Poseidon by Cyclopes

trident

mountain that Typhon--fire breathing Titan defeated by Zeus-- lives under

Mt. Etna

2 sons of Titan Lapetus who fought on the side of Zeus ("forethought" and "afterthought")

Prometheus and Epimetheus

gift Zeus withheld from humans which Prometheus provided despite Zeus' ban

fire

woman created by Hephaestus who brought suffering to the world

Pandora

object Zeus gave as Pandora's dowry

box/jar

only item left in Pandora's box

hope

where Prometheus was chained by Zeus as punishment for bringing fire to humans

Mt. Caucases

part of Prometheus' body that regenerated and was eaten by vultures repeatedly

liver

place ruled by Hades; destination of the dead

Underworld

name given to the spirits of the dead

shades

destination of ordinary shades in underworld

field of Asphodel

region of underworld surrounded by 3 high walls and Phlegethon, place of wicked

Tartarus

place of peace for virtuous souls

Elvisian Fields

river over which souls were ferried into Underworld

Styx

River of Woes

Archeron

River of Fire

Phlegethon

River of Forgetfulness

Lethe

River of Unbreakable Oaths

Styx

boatman who ferried souls into the underworlds

Charon

number of rivers in the underworld

5

where dead carried payment for boatmen

under tongues(mouths)

Hades' favorite animal; watchdog of the underworld

Cerberues

number of watchdog's head

3

number of judges in the underworld

3

fruit eaten by Persephone while in the Underworld that influenced length of annual stay

6 seeds of Pomagranite

Zeus's most powerful weapon

thunderbolts

bird seen holding thunderbolts, a symbol of Zeus

eagle

Mortal killed by Zeus for bringing dead back to life

Asclepius

Zeus and Hera's son who took pleasure in fighting

Ares

Greed goddess sprang from Zeus;s head fully grown and wearing armor

Athene

goddess "wisdom" and wife of Zeus whom he swallowed

Metis

nine daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus who presided over the arts

muses-- Terpsichore, Enterpe, Eruto, Polyhmnia, Thalia, Calliope, Melpomene, Urania, Clio

twins of Zeus and Leto

Apollo and Artemis

daughter of Zeus and Dione or perhaps born from sea foam

Aphrodite

Son of Zeus and Maia who stole Apollo's cows

Hermes

nymph whose chatter aided Zeus so Hera condemned her to only repeating

Echo

hero born to Zeus and Danae, cast out by grandfather who feared child would kill him

Hercules

apples presented to Hera as wedding gift by Gaea

Golden Apples

Hera and Zeus' crippled son

Hephaestus

Prince of Troy whose insult of Hera eventually led to the Trojan War

Paris

object belonging to Aphrodite that caused ppl to be irristable

linen scarf

sculptor who fell in love with statue that was brought to life

Pygmalion

name of statue that came to life and married its scuptor

Galatea

shrine to Athena on Acropolis in Athens

Parthenon

chief symbol of Athena

owl

Medusa was changed into creature so hideous that one looked at her and turned them into...

stone

hero who killed Medusa by cutting off her helmet

Perseus

Lyndian woman who bragged she was a better weaver than Athena

Arachne

animal Arachne was turned into by Athena

spider

instrument played by Apollo, obtained from Hermes

lyre

king who voted vs. Apollo in music contest and had his ears turned into donkey ears

Midas