America as a World Power in the 1960s

Flashcards about America as a World Power in the 1960s

What was the 'new look' in defense strategy under Eisenhower?

Dwight D. Eisenhower's foreign policy approach that relied more heavily on air power and nuclear weapons than on ground troops.

What did the policy of 'massive retaliation' entail during the Eisenhower administration?

A policy announced by Dulles, ensuring that the U.S. would use nuclear weapons to halt aggression if its interests were threatened.

What event started after the Soviet Union developed an atomic bomb?

The U.S. and Soviet Union stockpiling nuclear and nonnuclear weapons, leading to a constant threat of war.

What was the goal of Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace Plan?

To find peaceful uses for Nuclear technology under UN surpervision.

What event triggered the beginning of the Space Race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

The Soviets launched a satellite, Sputnik, into orbit around Earth.

Who took over leadership of the Soviet government after the death of Joseph Stalin?

Nikita Khrushchev

What event in 1956 further soured relations between the Soviet Union and the West?

Hungarian dissidents launched a popular uprising in November to demand democratic reforms.

What event led to the breaking up of the Paris summit in 1960 and the withdrawal of Eisenhower's invitation to visit the Soviet Union?

The Soviet Union shot down an American U-2, a high-altitude spy plane, over Russian territory.

What event led to the United States quickly recognizing the new government in Cuba in 1959?

A revolt led by Fidel Castro against the government of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.

What policies adopted by Castro angered the Eisenhower administration?

Castro nationalized key industries and turned to the USSR for aid.

What did Eisenhower warn the nation to guard against in his farewell address as president?

The acquisition of unwarranted influence by the military-industrial complex.

Who won the presidency against Richard Nixon in a very close race?

John F. Kennedy in 1960.

What was the purpose of Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?

To improve relations with Latin America and stop the spread of communism through economic development.

What was the goal of the CIA plan approved by JFK regarding Cuba?

Cuban exiles—supplied with U.S. arms, material, and training—to invade Cuba and set off a popular uprising against Castro.

Where did the invasion to Cuba take place on April 17, 1961?

The Bay of Pigs.

What led to Kennedy announcing a naval blockade of Cuba in 1962?

Castro agreed to a Soviet plan to base nuclear missiles abroad at the United States in Cuba.

What was the key agreement made in the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963?

The U.S., Soviet Union, and Great Britain agreed not to test nuclear weapons in the air, in outer space, or under the sea.

Who won the presidency in the election of 1968?

Richard Nixon in 1968.

What was the main point of the Nixon Doctrine, announced in 1969?

This doctrine stated that the United States would no longer provide direct military protection in Asia.

What kind of policy did the United States adopt under President Nixon in the late 1960's/early 1970's?

A new foreign policy toward China.

What was the name of the policy shaped by Nixon and Kissinger to bring about a warming in the cold war?

Détente.

What was the key agreement made in the SALT Agreement?

Set limits on the number of defensive missile sites and strategic offensive missiles each nation would keep.

What major event occurred during the Nixon administration's space program agenda?

American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon.

What led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations?

Postwar decolonization and the emergence of powerful nationalist movements in Africa and the Middle East led both sides in the Cold War to seek allies among new nations, many of which remained nonaligned.

What action did President Truman take after after the nation of Israel proclaimed its independence?

President Truman recognized the new Jewish homeland the next day.

What was the goal of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), established in 1964?

To win self-rule for the Arab Palestinians and to end the presence of Israel in the area.

What stance did the eight Arab nations express against the state of Israel in the Khartoum Resolution?

No peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with it.

What was the name of the peace treaty that Sadat and Begin hammered out terms for?

The Camp David Accords.

In 1979, what led Islamic rebels to seize the United States embassy in Tehran and holding more than 50 Americans hostage?

President Jimmy Carter agreed to let the Shah in the U.S. for cancer treatment.