Genetics unit
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Last updated 1:57 AM on 3/21/23
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27 Terms
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Fertilization
The joining of male and female reproduction cells in sexual reproduction
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Traits
Specific hereditary characteristics that varies between individuals
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Alleles
The different forms of a gene for one trait
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Segregation
A single gene for each trait is passed to offspring
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Probability
Mathematical prediction of the likelihood an event will occur used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses
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Punnett Square
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A diagram predicts the probability of genetic outcomes resulting from a cross
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Homozygous
An organism with identical alleles from one trait
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Heterozygous
An organism with different alleles for the same trait
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Genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism for a trait
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Phenotype
The physical characteristics of an organism
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Test cross
Determines genotype of an organism with the dominant phenotype
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Incomplete dominance
Cases in which the heterozygous phenotype is between either homozygous phenotype
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Codominance
A case where both alleles in the heterozygous are seen equally in the offspring
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Antigens
Membrane proteins that identify a cell to its immune cells
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Antibodies
Proteins that identify foreign cell for removal from the body based on antigens(antibody A removes cells with antigen A)
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Polygenic traits
Traits controlled by more than one gene
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Multiple alleles
Some genes have more than 2 alleles for a trait
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Sex-linked gametes
Genes that do not follow regular patterns of heredity because they are located on the x or Y chromosome
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Hemophilia
A disease where the individual cannot control blood clotting
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Pedigree
A diagram showing relationships between family and the transmission of an hereditary trait
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Karyotype
A diagram of all of the chromosomes in a nucleus to determine the genetic health and sex of an individual
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Gene Map
Diagram that shows the location of each gene on a chromosome
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Nondisjunction
The unequal separation of chromosome pairs in meiosis 2 resulting in gametes with 22 or 24 chromosomes
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Down syndrome
An individual is born with 3 copies of chromosome 21 resulting in mild to impaired mental ability, weaken immunity and a series or other symptoms
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Turner’s syndrome
A chromosomal disorder associated with a missing sex chromosome;XO
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Klinefelter’s syndrome
Caused by extra sex (X) chromosome
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Gene
The chemical factors in organisms that determine the traits
Note 
Flashcards (40)