Biology 431: Human Anatomy & Physiology - Ventilation and Control of Ventilation

These flashcards cover the key concepts and mechanisms associated with ventilation and control of ventilation in human anatomy and physiology.

In atmospheric pressure (Patm), the pressure exerted by the air surrounding us is __ mmHg at sea level.

760

Boyle’s Law describes the relationship between __ and pressure in a gas at constant temperature.

volume

Intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) is the air pressure in the __.

alveoli

Intrapleural pressure (Pip) always has a __ pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.

negative

Transpulmonary Pressure is calculated using the formula __.

Palv - Pip

Airflow is directly proportional to the __ gradient.

pressure

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract during __.

inspiration

The process that causes air to leave the lungs is known as __.

expiration

Respiratory Rate is defined as the total number of __ that occur each minute.

breaths

The medullary respiratory control center includes the __ and dorsal respiratory group (DRG).

ventral respiratory group (VRG)

The pontine respiratory control center works to __ transitions between inspiration and expiration.

smooth

When carbon dioxide levels rise in the arteries, this condition is referred to as __.

hypercapnia

The receptors that detect O2 drops in blood are called __ chemoreceptors.

peripheral

Involuntary changes in ventilation can be controlled by the __.

medulla oblongata

The __ system can influence respiration due to emotions, pain, and temperature.

Limbic

In respiration, the inspiratory muscles include the diaphragm and __ muscles.

external intercostal

The respiratory rate decreases from birth to __.

adolescence

A __ in blood H+ can influence the respiratory rate.

increase

Respiratory pressures are described relative to __ pressure.

atmospheric

The volume of the thoracic cavity __ during quiet inspiration.

increases

In forced expiration, accessory muscles such as __ are involved.

internal intercostal muscles

Changes in ventilation can occur in response to __ changes in blood.

chemical

The overall response to rising CO2 levels involves sending information to the __.

medulla oblongata

The inspiration process causes __ to enter the lungs due to a pressure gradient.

air

___ pressure is the difference between intrapleural pressure and intra-alveolar pressure.

Transpulmonary

Resistance in breathing can arise from the size of airways, alveolar surface tension, and the compliance of the __ wall.

thoracic