AP Gov: Chapter 3 - Federalism Vocab

block grants

federal grants given to states for broadly defined reasons

categorical grants

federal grants for specific programs

concurrent powers

power held by both state and federal governments

defense of marriage act (doma)

declares that states are not obligated to recognize any same sex marriages that might not be legally sanctioned in other states, defined marriage and spouse in heterosexual terms for federal law

devolution (new federalism)

power is given from the federal government to the states

exclusive powers (delegated power)

powers of the federal government

extradition

the legal process by which a criminal is returned to the state in which the crime was committed

federalism

the sharing of powers between the national and state governments

fiscal federalism

the federal government's use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the states

mandates

terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants

personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act (1996)

restructured welfare system to return authority and distribution of welfare dollars to the state

police powers

state power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals

strings

conditions of aid for categorical grants

dual federalism

(1780s-1930s) a system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies

cooperative federalism

(1932-1960) the federal and state governments cooperate on more issues, the power of the national government grows

implied powers

powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

inherent powers

powers the constitution is presumed to have delegated to the national government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community

expressed powers (enumerated powers)

powers described in the constitution that are delegated to the federal government

mcculloch v. maryland

maryland was trying to tax the national bank and supreme court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

selective exclusiveness

a doctrine asserting that when the commodity requires a national uniform rule, only congress may regulate

us v. lopez

gun free school zones act exceeded congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce

clean air act (1970)

the law aimed at combating air pollution, by charging the EPA with protecting and improving the quality of the nation's air

clean water act (1972)

the act that created water quality standards to control pollution, including elimination of point source discharge of pollutants

controlled substances act (1970)

a federal statute that regulates the manufacture and distribution of the drugs that are capable of causing dependency

endangered species act (1973)

a law requiring the federal government to protect all species listed as endangered.

kyoto protocol (1997)

an international treaty that committed signing nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. us never entered because of conservative senate.

paris agreement (2015

agreement made between the united nations countries to cut down on the emissions of greenhouse gases in an attempt to slow down global warming. more wealthy and producing countries have to cut down more. obama bypassed senate to join by executive order.