PBS Unit 3.2.1 -3.2.5 Study Guide

Cross-trained

Each individual is trained in multiple skills in their field.

Primary assessment

Initial evaluation to determine if the patient is at risk.

Secondary assessment

Follow-up assessment to gather more information about the patient.

Pupillary response assessment

Evaluates the health of the patient's nervous system.

Bag-valve-mask resuscitator

A handheld pump used for manual ventilation.

Skin turgor

Measure of skin elasticity indicating dehydration.

Anaphylaxis

Severe allergic reaction that can lead to shock.

Enteral drugs

Taken orally or absorbed through the rectum.

Parenteral drugs

Administered through inhalation, injection, or direct application.

Dehydration

Condition where the body loses more fluids than taken in.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Hemostat

Tool used to clamp an open blood vessel.

Triage

Sorting and prioritizing patients based on urgency of care needed.

Emergent

Highest priority category requiring immediate care for survival.

Tourniquet

Device to apply pressure to stop blood flow in an extremity.

Expectant

Patients who are expected to die soon, focusing on providing painless end-of-life care.

Time recording on triage files

Time is recorded using the 24-hour clock; for times greater than 1200, subtract 12 hours and add "p.m.," for times less than or equal to 1200, add "a.m."

Triage determinations

Based on a patient's vitals, severity of injuries, and symptoms to prioritize care.

Medical surge

Occurs when a hospital's capacity is challenged or exceeded by a high volume of new patients.

Surge capacity

The ability to care for an increased number of patients beyond normal expectations.

Causes of medical surges

Natural disasters and epidemics can lead to medical surges.

Regional disaster response plan

Guidelines used in response to disasters to coordinate resources and actions.

Disaster preparedness

Being ready with necessary resources and plans when a disaster strikes.

Efficient resource distribution

Refers to the optimal allocation of resources to treat patients effectively during a surge.

Facility's capacity

Calculated based on the lowest number of resources available.

Managing key resources

Involves moving resources to where they are most needed during a medical surge.

Preventing surge capacity exceedance

Governments can provide more resources, and individuals can practice preventive measures like wearing protective gear and social distancing during outbreaks.

Paramedic

provide treatment to the wounded, first aid, and life support

Emergency medicine technicican

Record patient histories, order diagnostic tests, review test results, and design a patient treatment plan

Disaster Response Technician

respond to alerts from hospitals, community aid, regional responses, and disaster alerts

Emergency Medical Technician

Perform CPR, provide first aid, assess a patient’s condition, and determine a course of treatment

Emergency Medicine Nurse Practicianer

order and interpret diagnostic tests, prescribe medication, collect information and samples from patients, and perform physical examinations

Emergency Services Coordinator

oversees training courses, and disaster exercises for staff.  Identify risks that may arise during an emergency and make plans to combat those risks

Triage Nurse

quickly assess patient needs, determine the level of urgency, provide professional nursing assessments, initiate medical care

Emergency Communications Specialist

receive and relay calls, handles public relations, and outflow of information to the public, instils public confidence.

Process of Identifying and Evaluating Risks

note important dispatch information, the location of the emergency, the extent of the emergency, scene dangers, number of injured or ill people and the number of bystanders.

Failure to immobilize an injured spine could lead to

permanent paralysis or death.

What is a normal heart rate for a person at rest?

60-100 bpm.

What might a “weak “pulse in an accident victim indicate?

a problem with the heart or severe dehydration.

What might pale, cool, moist skin in a patient indicate

blood isn’t circulating well, meaning blood is having trouble flowing to all areas of the body

IV therapy

the delivery of medication and fluids over some time through a vein.

anaphylaxis

a severe allergic reaction that can lead to shock

Allergy

when your immune system overreacts to a foreign substance

What is the upper limit of the peripheral adult venous pressure?

20 mmHg

efficient resource distribution

the amount of patients can be treated in an hour with the resources distributed

ABCs of control bleeding

A=  Alert: call 911

B= Bleeding: find the source of the bleed and determine if it is lifethreatening

C= Compress: apply firm pressure on the wound and apply gauze to clott the blood.

Bronchoconstriction

inflammation and constriction of the airways and can lead to wheezing and difficulty breathing