AP Psych Cram Chart Unit 8

labeling theory

theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant

DSM-5

the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

neurodevelopmental disorders

a group of conditions manifested early in development that are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

severe disorders in which there are disturbances of thoughts, communications, and emotions, including delusions and hallucinations (Catatonic, Paranoid, Disorganized, Residual, Undifferentiated)

mood disorders

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes (MDD, Bipolar Disorder)

anxiety disorders

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety (GAD, Phobias, OCD, PTSD, Panic Disorder)

dissociative disorders

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

somatic symptom disorder

psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

bulemia nervosa

binge eating with subsequent purging, body image distortion

body dysmorphic disorder

involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance

personality disorders

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

narcissistic personality disorder

characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration

borderline personality disorder

condition marked by extreme instability in mood, identity, and impulse control

antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Antidepressants

a class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression

mood stabilizers

drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders

antipsychotic drugs

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

antianxiety drugs

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

aversive conditioning

a form of treatment that consists of repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus

token economy

type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their thinking into more rational belief statements

systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

exposure therapy

An approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response