ap psych 5.3 notes

behaviorism

focuses on observable behaviors and the environmental forces that shape those behaviors 

• blank slate → develops in response to environmental stimuli

associative learning

making connections between two events 

• classical conditioning

• operant conditioning 

classical conditioning

neutral stimulis associated with something else - caused you to respond to something else

• learning to raise a hand when you have question

• packing up at end of a classroom from the bell

unconditioned stimulis

trigger an automatic and a natural response

• food without prior learning(salivating)

unconditioned response

natural and automatic reaction to a stimulis that occurs without any prior learning or conditioning

conditioned stimulis

neutral at first, but became conditioned(learned it) after being repeatedly paired with the unconditional stimulis

conditioned response

learned response when a conditioned stimulis is presented

acquisition

-time of understanding that conditioned stimulis will elicit conditioned response

-initial learning phase

extinction

• conditioned stimulis alone → weakens response

stimulis discrimination

• ability to differentiate between similar stimuli in conditioning

• being able to respond differently to them

stimulus generalization

• responding to stimuli that are similiar to the conditioned stimulus and eliciting a conditioned response from them.

habituation(non-asssociative learning)

growing accustomed to and exhibit a diminished response to a repeated or enduring stimulis

• getting used to something over time

• not responding strongly to it anymore.

extinction vs habituation

• extinction: CONDITIONED response is unlearned — the CS is presented alone until it no longer has an effect

• habituation:UNCONDITIONED response diminishes — the US is presented so often that it no longer elicits a response

higher order conditioning 

• creating new associations with other neutral stimuli 

• layering of associations to established conditioned stimuli, creating a second condition response.

counterconditioning

changing a learned response to something more preferred by pairing it with a different experience

one trial conditioning

learning that happens quickly after just one pairing of two things

• ex; food poisoning

• survival instincts

biological preparedness

• tendency of organisms to quickly learn associations between certain stimuli and responses that are relevant to their survival 

taste aversion

• learned association between the taste of a particular food and feeling sick - often occuring after only one pairing

• ex; tootsie rolls → throwing up