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23 Terms
1
Lymphatic System
A vast collection of cells and biochemicals that travel in lymphatic vessels, assisting in fluid circulation and closely associated with the cardiovascular system.
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2
Lymphatic Capillaries
Microscopic, closed-ended tubes that absorb interstitial fluid, which is then called lymph.
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3
Lymphatic Vessels
Vessels with walls similar to veins that transport lymph and contain semilunar valves.
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4
Lymphatic Trunks
Larger vessels that drain lymph from lymphatic vessels, named according to the regions they serve (e.g., lumbar, intestinal).
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5
Thoracic Duct
The larger lymphatic duct that drains a substantial portion of the body, starting as an enlarged sac called the cisterna chyli.
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6
Right Lymphatic Duct
The duct that drains lymph from the right side of the head, neck, upper limb, and thorax into the right subclavian vein.
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7
Edema
Retention of fluid caused by disruption of lymph nodes, often leading to swelling.
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8
Tissue Fluid
Fluid similar in composition to blood plasma but lacking plasma proteins, formed by filtration from the plasma.
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9
Lymph Formation
Occurs when excess tissue fluid, generated from filtration, enters lymphatic capillaries.
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10
Innate Defense
A non-specific defense mechanism that protects against a wide variety of pathogens.
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11
Adaptive Defense
The specific immune response targeting distinct parts of pathogens, carried out by lymphocytes.
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12
Antigen
Non-self molecules that elicit an immune response, including proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, or glycolipids.
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13
T-cell Activation
The process where T cells respond to antigenic fragments bound to antigen-presenting cells.
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14
B-cell Activation
Triggered when an antigen binds to specific receptors on B cells, requiring assistance from cytokines released by T-helper cells.
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15
Humoral Immune Response
The aspect of immunity that involves antibody production by B cells.
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16
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL)
A T cell that, upon activation, can induce apoptosis in infected or cancerous cells.
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17
Memory B-Cells
Long-lived B cells that remember previous encounters with antigens, providing immunity in future exposures.
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18
Active Immunization
The process of administering antigens to stimulate an adaptive immune response.
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19
Passive Immunotherapy
Transfer of antibodies from one individual to another to provide temporary immunity.
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20
Type I Hypersensitivity
An immediate reaction characterized by the overproduction of IgE antibodies, such as in hay fever.
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21
Thymus
An organ where T-cells mature, located in the mediastinum; large in childhood and shrinks with age.
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22
Lymph Nodes
Bean-shaped structures that filter lymph and are sites for immune cell activation.
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23
Spleen
The largest lymphatic organ that filters blood and contains red pulp and white pulp.
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