Chapter 17: Acids, Bases, and Salts

These flashcards cover essential definitions and concepts related to acids, bases, and salts as outlined in Chapter 17.

What is the Arrhenius definition of acids?

Arrhenius acids ionize in water to give H+ ions.

What do Arrhenius bases produce when ionized in water?

Arrhenius bases ionize in water to give OH– ions.

What do Brønsted-Lowry acids do?

Brønsted-Lowry acids donate protons (H+ ions).

What do Brønsted-Lowry bases do?

Brønsted-Lowry bases accept protons (H+ ions).

What does amphibolic mean in terms of oxides?

Amphoteric describes an oxide that displays both acidic and basic properties.

What is a conjugate acid?

The cation that results when a Brønsted base accepts a proton.

What is a conjugate base?

The anion that remains when a Brønsted acid donates a proton.

What is a conjugate pair?

The combination of a Brønsted acid and its conjugate base or vice versa.

What is the ion-product constant Kw?

Kw is the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water.

What is pH?

pH is a scale used to measure acidity, calculated as pH = −log[H+].

What is pOH?

pOH is a scale used to measure basicity, calculated as pOH = −log[OH−].

What defines a strong electrolyte?

A strong electrolyte is one that ionizes or dissociates completely.

What is a weak electrolyte?

A weak electrolyte is a molecular compound that produces ions upon dissolving but predominantly exists as molecules in solution.

What is the acid ionization constant (Ka)?

Ka is the equilibrium constant indicating to what extent a weak acid ionizes.

What is a weak acid?

A weak acid is one that ionizes only partially.

What does Kb represent?

Kb is the equilibrium constant that indicates to what extent a weak base ionizes.

What is a weak conjugate base?

A conjugate base of a strong acid that does not react with water.

What is a strong conjugate base?

The conjugate base of a weak acid that acts as a weak Brønsted base in water.

What is salt hydrolysis?

The reaction of a salt’s constituent ions with water to produce either hydroxide or hydronium ions.

What is a Lewis base?

A Lewis base is a species that can donate a pair of electrons.

What is a Lewis acid?

A Lewis acid is a species that can accept a pair of electrons.