BEM1O1 - Unit Test 1

CPU

It controls information and tells other parts what to do.

RAM

Temporary memory, it remembers everything as long as the computer is on.

OS and application software differences

OS is software that controls the overall activity of a computer. Application software is designed to allow users to perform a specific task as calculate numbers, enter text or play a game.

Motherboard

The largest circuit board and has many smaller board plugged into it. It holds all of the most important parts of the computer.

Input and output devices

a) provide information to the computer. b) display information from the computer.

Power supply

Converts power from the wall outlet into power for the computer's components.

Case

Houses and protects the internal components of a computer.

Types of ports

Ethernet, USB, and display.

Monitor

Displays visual information from the computer.

Two input devices

Keyboards and mice

Two output devices

Monitors and speakers

Output devices

Displays information from the computer.

ROM

Permanent memory storing essential system information.

Saving your work

Prevents data loss due to power outages, accidental deletions, or computer crashes.

Expansion cards

Adds functionality to a computer, such as graphics, network connectivity, or sound.

Storage devices

Store data for later retrieval.

Main storage devices

HDDs and SSDs.

HDD and SSD differences

a) use spinning discs to store data. b) use memory chips for faster and more durable storage.

External hard drives

Provides additional storage capacity for a computer and are portable.

Online storage services

Unlimited storage, accessibility from multiple devices, data backup, enhanced security, collaboration, and easy file sharing.

Programming

Using bits and bytes in different combinations to represent a code.

Programming languages

Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, and many others.

Program

A set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a specific task.

Main types of software

Operating system and application software.

OS

Manages the computer's hardware and software resources, provides a user interface, and handles file operations.

Most common OS

Windows, MacOS and Linux

Desktop OS

Software designed for computers and laptops.

Mobile OS

Software designed for smartphones and tablets. Also designed for portability and with touch-based interface.

Computer Programs

• Word processing

• Spreadsheets

• Web Browsers

• Database

• Research

• Desktop Publishing

• Entertainment

• Education

• Games

File extensions

• .txt - plain text

• .doc or .docx - Microsoft Word Document

• .htm or .html - Web document

• .gif, .jpg or .bmp - image

• .ppt - Microsoft PowerPoint Document

• .xls - Microsoft Excel Document

Written path

Bit

Smallest unit of data a computer can understand.

8

A byte consists of _____ bits.

MB

1,000,000 bytes = 1 _____

KB

1,000 bytes = 1 _____

TB

1,000,000,000,000 bytes = 1 _____

GB

1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 _____

Binary code

Used to represent all types of data in a format the computer can understand.