Animal Sciences - livestock reproduction

Tom

adult male cat

Queen

adult female cat

kitten

newborn cat

Gib

castrated male cat

litter

parturion of ca

Bull

adult male cow

Cow

adult female cow

heifer

young female cow

calf

newborn cow

steer

castrated male cow

calf

parturition of cow

dog

adult male dog

bitch

adult female dog

pup/dog

young male dog

pup/bitch

young female dog

pup

newborn dog

whelp

parturition of dogs

buck

adult male goat

doe

adult female goat

buck/kid

young male goat

doe/kid

young female goat

kid

newborn goat

wether

castrated male goat

kid

parturition of goats

stallion

adult male horse

mare

adult female horse

colt

young male horse

filly

young female horse

foal

newborn horse

gelding

castrated male horse

foaling

parturition of horses

cock

adult male chicken

hen

adult female chicken

chick

young male chicken

chick

young female chicken

capon

castrated male chicken

ram

adult male sheep

ewe

adult female sheep

ram/lamb

young male sheep

ewe/lamb

young female sheep

lamb

newborn sheep

wether

castrated male sheep

lamb

Parturition for sheep

boar

adult male pig

sow

adult female pig

gilt

young female pig

pig

newborn pig

barrow

castrated male pig

farrow

Parturition for pigs

The reproductive process depends on

age, season, level of nutrition

cats become capable of reproduction at

4-18 months

cattle become capable of reproduction at

8-14 months

Horses become capable of reproduction at

10-12 months

dogs become capable of reproduction at

5-24 months

sheep become capable of reproduction at

4-8 months

leydig cells

produce androgen binding protein and stimulates the production of testosterone

sertoli cells

spermatogenesis begins and continues in the seminiferous tubule

seminiferous tubules

sperm is produced in and migrates to the rete testes which act as an elevator to the epididymous

Vas deferens

transport sperm to urethra

unilateral cryptorchidism

one testis does not descend, can still be fertile

bilateral cryptorchidism

both testis do not descend

vasectomy

vas deferens are cut to prevent reproduction in males

thermoregulation

the testis must be 4-6 degrees cooler than body temperature

cremaster muscle

raises testis and tunica dartos, a smooth muscle which holds them close for sustained periods of time when cooling is needed to relax

The spermatic cord also provides the —- to the testis

blood supply

pampiniform plexus

vascular system that provides a concurrent blood supply

Organs that add fluid to the semen

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbo urethral, cowpers gland

Semen is expelled through the —- and out the penis upon ejaculation

urethra

Unused sperm is reabsorbed by

excurrent duct system (epididymous)

FSH hormone

responsible for follicle growth and maintenance

LH hormone

causes a breakdown of the follicle wall for the release of the egg, making it available for fertilization

Ovulation

the process in which an egg (ovum) is released from an ovary into the fallopian tube

follicle development

during the first half of the menstrual cycle, several follicles in the ovary grow and compete to release an egg

Ovulation trigger

when one follicle matures, it releases a hormone called luteinizing hormone (LH) which triggers the follicle to rupture and release the egg

Egg release

the egg is expelled from the ovary and travels into the fallopian tube and remains viable for fertilization for approximately 12-24 hours

After ovulation, the follicle turns into a

corpus luteum

progesterone

hormone that maintains pregnancy and inhibits the release of FSH and LH

Functions of the ovary include

producing estrogen, producing progesterone, and containing oocytes

fimbria

cells that help move egg to oviduct

infundibulum

covers the oviduct to pick up the egg

ampulla

½ of oviduct

isthmus

½ of oviduct

A. I. junction

site of fertilization

Utero-tubal junction

blocks poly-sperming