Investigative Skills

Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE)

police powers for search and arrest and application of justice, honesty and workability in England

Stop and Search

An individual is detained to allow police officer to search them and their belongings (mostly PACE s1)

Stop and Search powers

PACE s1 and Misuse of Drugs Act 1971

Section 60

allows police to search anyone and anything in a geographical area during a serious breakdown of public order

GO WISELY

G- grounds of search

O- object of the search

W- warrant card

I- Identity of officer

S- Situation of officer

E- Entitlement of copy

L- Legal power used

Y- “You are being detained”

RTA

Road Traffic Act

ADVOKATE

The judge should warn the jury of the special need for correct identification from a witness statement

A- Amount of time

D- Distance

V- Visibility

O- Obstructions

K- Knowledge

A- Any reasons

T- Time

E- Errors

PEACE model

P- Planning and Preparation

E- Engage and explain

A- Account

C- Clarification, challenge, closure

E- Evaluation

What is the PEACE

form of investigative interviewing. Interviewer sets agenda and asks for detailed answers to form a conversation dynamic and allow free narrative

Powers of Arrest

granted and outlined by Code G of PACE and main purpose is for interview.

warrant

formal written document issued by magistrate/judge that authorises an arrest

s32 PACE

search upon arrest

s18 PACE

premises immediately prior and associated to detainee can be searched

s24 PACE

arrest without a warrant

PACE Code D

governs the exercise by police of statutory powers to identify person

Caution

given to protect the suspect’s right and keep them informed of possible consequences (PACE Code C)

Types of cautions

When question (arrest), now (before charge), restricted (after charge)

Proactive policing

when a law enforcement agency attempt to prevent crimes before they occur using data analysis and crime intelligence

Reactive policing

A type of policing focused on responding to crimes after they occur, rather than preventing them. It involves quick and efficient responses to emergency situations and relies heavily on patrol officers.

ABC principle

Assume nothing, believe nothing and challenge everything

Sherman’s 3 Ts

* Targeting
* Tracking
* Testing

SARA process

Scan Analysis Response Assessment

TEDS PIE

Tell me

Explain to me

Describe to me

Show me

Precisely

In detail

Exactly

National Decision Model

made in 2012 directs ethical decisions made by police in certain situations. inspired by COP and CM.