MLT 101: Computers and Specimen Handling and Processing

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary related to computerization in healthcare and specimen handling.

The reason for Computerization in Healthcare

To manage healthcare data, monitor patient vital signs, and aid in diagnosis.

Computer Literacy

The knowledge and ability to use basic computer terminology, understand computer functions, perform basic operations, and adapt to changes.

Accession number

A unique number that is generated when a test request is entered into a computer. Every new specimen must get a new __________ number.

CPU

Central processing unit; the primary component of a computer that processes data.

Hardware

The physical equipment used to process data within a computer. Example RAM, and Motherboard

Software

Coded instructions required to control hardware in data processing.

LIS

Aka Laboratory Information System; customized software package designed to facilitate various workflow models in a laboratory.

The 4 objectives for LIS

1. File results 2. Accumulate statistics to determine workload 3. Generate report forms 4. Monitor quality assurance & quality control in lab

Centrifuge

A machine that spins blood tubes at high RPM to separate cells from plasma or serum.

Aliquot

A portion of a specimen used for testing, typically taken when multiple tests are ordered.

Middleware

Third-party vendor software that facilitates communication and data management between different applications.

Radio frequency ID (RFID)

A technology that uses radio waves to identify and track records, equipment, and specimens, and monitor patients through tags or labels.

Output

Processed information generated by a computer after input and processing.

Input

Data entered into a computer for processing.

Computer Networking

The practice of linking computers together to share resources and information.

Centrifugal force

The outward force exerted on objects in a rotating system, used in centrifugation to separate components of blood.

Stopper removal (How we remove carefully remove a stopper)

We ensure wear gloves, a face or a splash shield and use a gauze when removing a stopper. We pull the stopper straight up and off and away from our face and make sure nobody else is standing nearby just in case it splatters

The 10 times when we reject specimens

1. Hemolysis is present 2. Insufficient amount of specimen 3. Clotting present 4. Inadequate, inaccurate, or missing specimen ID 5. Wrong or outdated tube 6. Improper handling of the specimen (not following protocol) 7. Wrong collection time 8. Exposure to light 9. Delay in testing 10. Delay or error in processing

The two times of when we use aliquots of a specimen

1. When multiple tests are ordered 2. When different tests are done with different instructions or in different areas

The preanalytical stage of testing (Routine Handling)

1. Mixing specimens through inversion (not shaking) 2. Transporting specimens 3. Meeting delivery time limits

The preanalytical stage of testing (Special Handling)

Handling the following sampled accordingly 1. Body temperature specimens (keep at room temp and test within 1 hour) 2. Chilled temperature specimens (keep on wet ice immediately after collection) 3. Light sensitive specimens (protect from light). These go through the Central Processing area of the lab

The things that the Central Processing area of the lab does to the Specially Handled specimens

1. Identified 2. Logged and accessioned 3. Sorted by department and type of processing required 4. Evaluated for suitability in testing

Computerized Analyzers

Sophisticated computer systems designed to:

1. Manage patient data

2. Interface w. the LIS & main hospital intranet

The Three Basic Components of Computer Systems

1. Input 2. Process 3. Output

The Three Elements that make up a computer system

1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Storage

The anticoagulant in Light Blue top tube

Sodium Citrate

The anticoagulant in Green top tube

Heparin -Lithium, Sodium, or Ammonium

The anticoagulant in Purple/Lavender and Pink top tubes

EDTA

The anticoagulant in Gray top tube

Potassium Oxalate

The anticoagulants that can be in a Royal top tube depending on the Procedure Manual

EDTA or Heparin

The additive in Yellow Top tubes

ACD (Adenine Citrate Dextrose)