Organic Chem: Amines and Amides

What is an Amine

• Ammonia molecule that has 1 or more hydrogens replaced by alkyl group (hydrocarbons)

• General formula: CnH2n+3N

Types of amines

1. Primary: 1 alkyl group attached to the N

2. Secondary: 2 alkyl groups attached to N

3. Tertiary: all hydrogens replaced by alkyl groups

What is an Amine

• Ammonia molecule that has 1 or more hydrogens replaced by alkyl group (hydrocarbons)

• General formula: CnH2n+3N

Types of amines

1. Primary: 1 alkyl group attached to the N

2. Secondary: 2 alkyl groups attached to N

3. Tertiary: all hydrogens replaced by alkyl groups

What are amides

• Carbonyl group bonded with an AMINE

• General formula: CnH2n+1NO

How are amines made?

Made from alkyl halide and ammonia:

CH₃CH₂I + NH₃ —→ CH₃CH₂NH₃ +HI

How are Amides made?

• Through a condensation rxn between a carboxylic acid and ammonia or primary and secondary AMINES ONLY

Reduction of nitrobenzene

• Nitrobenzene, C₆H₅NO₂, can be converted into phenylamine, C₆H₅NH₂ in a 2-stage reduction process:

Primary Amide?

Carboxylic acid + NH3 (ammonia)

Secondary Amide

Carboxylic acid + primary amine

Tertiary amide

Carboxylic acid+ secondary amine