Film History Quiz

Film

Thin, flexible material coated in light-sensitive emulsion that retains an image after it’s exposed to light

Illusion of motion

Created when a collection of images are viewed one after another in rapid succession

Persistence of Vision

Keeps you from seeking the black spaces between the frames of a projected film

Phi Phenomenon

Optical illusion that lets you see a series of images in rapid succession as continuous motion

Zoetrope

A bowl/cylinder with sequential images painted on the inside and small slits/windows cut into the edges. Spin it, look through and the picture seem to move

Camera Obscura

Box, tent, or room with a lens or pinhole in one end, and a reflective surface at the other. Light travels through the hole and displays an inverted image on the mirror

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

Took the first known photograph

How did Edward Muybridge’s still images of horse galloping influence motion studies?

Photographs would break down continuous motion Gino individual images

Thomas Edison and W.K.L Dickson

Invented the kinetograph: world’s first motion picture film camera

Thomas Edison’s industrial research

Menlo Park, New Jersey

Kinetoscope

First motion picture film projector, where images could be viewed through a peephole

Etienne-Jules Marey

Knowing for inventing the chronophotographic gun

Celluloid Filmstrips found by Dickson

Coated in light-sensitive emulsion were durable enough to be played back over and over again

Name of Edison’s entrepreneur buddy who began making celluloid film in 50 ft rolls

George Eastman

Two holes along the edges of celluloid film rolls

Sprocket holes

Limitations of Kinetograph

Only one person could view the movie at a time and it was limited to about 16 seconds per movie

Thomas Edison and William Dickson

Developed the kinetograph(first movie camera) and kinetoscope(device to view the short movies)

Lumiere Brothers

Developed a device around stop-and-go mechanisms used in sewing machines called a Cinematographe(lightweight, all in one motion picture device that made movies and exhibited them) which was operated by a hand crank

Credit for first successful public screening

Lumiere brothers

Films that were mini documentaries

Actualities

Problem with longer film strips in projectors

Kept tearing

Latham Loop

Different way to feed film into a projector, using a pair of small, loose loops of film - one above and one below the projector’s lens - held in place with extra sprockets

Took the Vitascope from C. Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat and called it the “Edison Vitascope”

Thomas Edison

Editing

known as cutting to assemble shots

George Melies

Stage magician, owned and operated a theater

Melies and Animatograph

He reverse-engineered to work as its own camera

Happy Accident

Melies camera jammed while filming which caused for the pictures to look totally different look when two different shots are joined together

Double Exposure

Running the film negative through the camera twice before developing it, when you do this correctly, both images appear on screen simultaneously through the second image usually appears faded

Alice Guy-Blache

First known female filmmaker(1000+ films)

Melies movie

A trip to the Moon

How was color added to films

By hand-tinting or painting individual frames

Edwin S Porter

Sign painter, telegraph operator and inventor. He traveled all over for a device called the Projectorscope

How was sound added to movies

Orchestra, band, piano, phonograph, live actors

Parallel Action/cross cutting

Film can cut back and forth between two or more events that are happening simultaneously(brain understands that they are happening at the same time)

First film that utilized parallel action

Life of an American Fireman

Porters most successful film

The Great Train Robbery

Who was the first filmmaker to begin moving the camera during a shot

Porter

Pan

When a camera is turned left or right on horizontal axis

Tilt

When a camera is moved up or down on a vertical axis