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Totalitarianism
A government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life
Traits of Totalitarianism
Police Terror: used to force obedience, crush opposition, and enforce the central government’s policies
Indoctrination: instruction in the government’s beliefs used to mold people — control of education is used to glorify the leader and convince citizens to be loyal
Propaganda and Censorship: totalitarian states spread propaganda, biased information used to convince people to accept certain beliefs or actions, and control the media
Religious or Ethnic Persecution: totalitarian leaders often create “enemies of the state” to blame for the country’s problems, which are usually members of religious or ethnic groups, and are subjected to terror and violence

The Great Purge
Stalin created a secret police state to maintain his power and destroy his enemies (real and imagined)
Stalin turned against members of the Communist Party and launched the Great Purge against them, which was a campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power — by the end, Stalin was in full control of the Soviet government and the Communist Party
Command Economy
Stalin’s plans for the economy called for this system, in which the government makes all the economic decisions — political leaders identify the country’s economic needs and determine how to fulfill them
Stalin’s Five-Year Plans
Made by Stalin for the development of the Soviet Union’s economy
Set impossibly high quotas to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity
The government limited production of consumer goods — people faced shortages of housing, food, clothing, and other necessary goods
Success: produced impressive economic results, and the Soviets made substantial gains
Collective Farms & Kulaks
The government began to seize privately owned farms in the USSR and combine them into large, government-owned farms
Many people worked on these farms, producing food for the state — were intended to boost food production through efficient machinery
Kulaks: wealthy peasants who resisted these changes and the government’s attempt to take their land — many destroyed livestock and crops in protest, and then were killed by the secret police