Chem Unit A Memorization

Rule of 7 + extra

H2,N2,O2,F2,Cl2,Br2,I2,P4,S8

1

Mono

2

di

3

tri

4

tetra

5

penta

6

hexa

7

hepta

8

octa

9

nona

10

deca

Ammonia

NH3

Glucose

C6H12O6

methane

CH4

ozone

O3

water

H2O

ethanol

C2H5OH

sucrose

C12H22O11

hydrogen peroxide

H2O2

hydrogen sulfide

H2S

methanol

CH3OH

Formation

A+B→AB

Decomposition

AB→A+B

single replacement

A+BC→AC+B

Double replacement

AB+CD→AD+CB

Combustion

reacts with oxygen

4

IV

5

V

6

VI

7

VII

8

VIII

9

IX

10

X

Group 1

Alkali metals

Group 2

Alkaline earth metals

Group 3

Halogens

Group 4

Noble gasses

Hydro ____Ic acid

“ide”

______ic acid

“ate”

______ous acid

“ite”

Linear

Two bonding groups, straight line

Trigonal planar

Three bonding groups, no internal or external

Trigonal planar bent

one lone pair, two bonding groups

tetrahedral

four bonding groups, one external one internal, two regular

trigonal pyramidal

one lone pair, three bonding groups one internal one external one regular

Tetrahedral bent

two lone pairs, two bonding groups

Bond polarity

Polarity of a covanlent bond is the difference in electronegativity of the bonded atoms. describes the sharing of electrons between atoms in a bond.

Non-polar

Electrons are shared equally, bonded atoms have the same electroneg. 

Polar

Electrons are shared unequally, the bonded atoms have different electroneg.

ionic bond

Electrons are taken from one atom to another when the difference in electroneg is greater than or equal to than >- 1.7

Bond dipole

A bond with one end having a slightly negative charge and the other having a slightly positive charge because of unequal sharing electrons

Bonding continuum

The bonding in substances ranges along a continuum from non- polar covalent to polar covalent5 to ionic.

Intramolecular forces

The relatively strong forces of attraction and repulsion within a molecule

Intermolecular forces

The relatively weak forces of attraction and repulsion between molecules

Boiling point

A measure of how difficult it is to separate molecules from one another. The stronger the intermolecular forces between the molecules, the higher the boiling point. (If hydrogen is with N,F, or O its the highest bp.

Dipole- dipole forces

The simultaneous attraction between oppositely charges ends of POLAR molecules.

London Forces

The simultaneous attraction between a momentary dipole in a molecule and a momentary dipole in a surrounding molecule. (non-polar and polar) (Mainly non-polar)

Elegtronegativity

The relative ability of an atom to attract a pair of bonding electrons in its valence level.

Orbital

Region of space where an electron may be located in an energy level

Bonding capacity

The maximum number of single covalent bonds that an atom can form. Determined from the number of bonding electrons.