The French & Indian War Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing key terms, people, events, and treaties of the French and Indian War based on the lecture notes.

Treaty of Utrecht (1713)

The 1713 treaty through which France ceded specific territories in North America to Great Britain.

Ohio Valley

The territory west of the Appalachian Mountains claimed by France, where British settlers pushed onto French-controlled lands, triggering conflict.

Iroquois Confederacy

An alliance formed between the British and five Native American nations (Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca) who were rivals of the Algonquins and Hurons.

Albany Congress

A 1754 meeting in Albany, NY, where representatives from New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland met to organize mutual defense against France and persuade the Iroquois to become allies.

Albany Plan of Union

A plan proposed by Ben Franklin for 'one general government' with an elected legislature to collect taxes, raise troops, and regulate trade; not a single colony voted in favor of it.

Robert Dinwiddie

The Governor of Virginia who sent young George Washington in 1753 to order the French to leave the Ohio Valley territory.

George Washington

A Virginia militia officer sent in 1754 with 150 men to build a fort at present-day Pittsburgh; his attack on a French scouting party marked the first shots of the war.

Fort Duquesne

A French fort built at present-day Pittsburgh that was later captured by the British and renamed Fort Pitt.

General Edward Braddock

The Commander of all British forces in North America whose slow movement and traditional line tactics in bright red uniforms led to an ambush near Fort Duquesne where he was killed along with 1,000 British troops.

Seven Years War

A global conflict fueled by fighting in North America, pitting British allies (Prussia and Portugal) against French allies (Austria, Russia, Sweden, Saxony, and Spain).

William Pitt

The British Prime Minister who turned the war around by focusing on North America, fully funding the military campaign, and sending top generals James Wolfe and Jeffrey Amherst.

James Wolfe

A top British general dispatched by William Pitt who helped capture Fort Louisbourg and successfully captured Quebec.

Jeffrey Amherst

A British general dispatched by William Pitt who helped capture Fort Louisbourg and led the capture of Montreal.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

The treaty ending the French and Indian War; France surrendered Canada and claims east of the Mississippi River to Britain, Spain ceded Florida to Britain, and Spain received lands west of the Mississippi River and New Orleans from France.