Cell Membrane Components 07/01

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29 Terms

1
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What are the primary lipid components of plasma membrane

Glycerol based phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholestrol

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What is the role of cisternae?

Protein synthesis and modification. They give space for ribosomes to attach and synthesize proteins

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What leaflet are glycerol based phospholipids on

Inner and outer leaflet

4
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What leaflet are sphinglipids on

Outer leaflet

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What leaflet are cholestrol on

Embedded within phospolipid bilayer, outer leaflet

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What is diff between phosphoglyceride and sphingolipid backbone

Phosphoglycerides use glycerol and sphingolipids use sphingosine

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Function of phosphoglycerides

Maintain structure of bilayer, responsible for allowing things to/not to pass through

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Function of sphingolipids

Maintain structure of membrane, act as signaling molecules, and help with cellular processes like growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. Make up lipid rafts

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How are membrane phospholipids synthesized

Synthesized in cytosolic leaflet of smooth ER by fatty acid building blocks from cytosol or food

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How are membrane phospholipids trafficked

Transported via vesicles by proteins that are specific for transport to/from a certain organelle or by lipid exchange proteins

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Role of lipid exchange proteins

Move lipids from one membrane to another

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How are membranes asymmetric

Membranes have different concentrations of lipids types on outer vs inner leaflets

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What lipids types are more common on inner leaflet

Phosphodylynserine and Phosphoethanolamine

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What phospholipid types are more common on outer leaflet

Phosphodylyncholine and sphingomyelin

15
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Flippase vs. scramblase

Flippase moves lipids form outer leaflet to inner leaflet with the help of ATP whereas scramblase swaps 2 lipids for each other without help of ATP

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Why are membranes fluid and why do they need to be fluid?

Membranes are fluid because cell conditions are constantly changing, you need to be able to move lipids and proteins around to meet cell needs at the moment.

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What increases or decreases membrane fluidity

  1. Cholestrol - stabilizes membrane by making it less fluid during high temp and more fluid during low temp

  2. Length of fatty acid tails - shorter tails interact less. andmake membrane more fluid

  3. Double bonds - absence of double bonds makes membrane less fluid because it can pack more tightly together

18
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Peripheral vs. integral membrane proteins

Noncovalent vs. covalent attachment. Peripheral can also be attached to phospholipid head

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Types of integral membrane proteins

Transmembrane - span membrane

Lipid anchored- covalently attached to lipid that is attached to bilayer

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Simple diffusion

Move with gradient from high to low concentration directly through membrane, no ATP

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Facilitated diffusion

Move with gradient from high to low concentration with the help of a channel, no ATP

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Example of facillitated diffusion

Glucose transporter

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Active transport

Move against concentration gradient from low to high concentration, requires ATP

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Describe the movement of water via osmosis

Water will move from low concentration of water to high concentration of water until the amount of solute to amount of water distribution matches

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Hypotonic, hyperotnic, isotonic

  1. water moves into cell, cell bulges

  2. water moves out of cell, cell shrivels

  3. concentration is equal on both sides of cell

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Channel vs. transporter proteins

Channel proteins open/close, allowing molecules to pass without binding whereas transporter proteins enact conformational change due to substrate binding

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Uniporters vs. symporters vs. antiporters

  1. A single solute molecule moves in one direction

  2. 2 solutes move in same direction

  3. 2 solutes move in opposite directions

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Why are ion channels highly specific

Ion channels have charged amino acid residues that only allow certain molecules to pass through. They open and close as needed and move with the concentration gradient

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Primary active transport vs secondary active transport

Primary active transport uses ATP to move things against the concentration gradient, like the sodium potassium pump. Secondary active transport uses the electrochemical gradient created by by primary active transport to move things against concentration gradient